tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-64628684439239329192024-03-13T12:49:40.054-07:00Steps on how to write an essayClassification And Division Essay Topicsbenjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-57255270659022632712020-08-23T01:44:00.001-07:002020-08-23T01:44:17.603-07:00Sicily Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsbenjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-9659359214029734492020-08-21T23:26:00.001-07:002020-08-21T23:26:21.305-07:00Helpful Exposition Techniques For College Essay TopicsHelpful Exposition Techniques For College Essay TopicsExposition is one of the most important parts of a well written College essay. It is also a difficult part to write because it requires a number of skills and techniques, which vary from individual to individual.The basic ideas of any College essay are generally stated in introductory paragraphs, but most students don't know how to start a new topic or how to use those established introductory paragraphs to their advantage. In many cases, a lot of the material that they have learned in class will have to be reworked for the beginning of the College essay. Here are some examples of some popular introductory sentences and paragraphs:This introductory paragraph establishes a basic subject of the College essay, explains how you wish to approach the topic, and then relates this topic to a previous point of the essay. You might choose to begin with a topic that is directly related to the subject of the preceding sentence, or even someth ing completely different.This introductory paragraph shows why the topic of the preceding sentence is worthy of the consideration of the reader. It should not just state a fact, but also give information about the facts and something that someone would want to know. Your message should also be of interest to the reader. For example, a college essay could start with a description of a pleasant day at school, or a review of a boring vacation.This introductory paragraph might also end with a short line summarizing what the student wishes to say. The reader will know the essay is complete after reading this last sentence. In addition, the introductory paragraph should be limited to two or three lines. Too many words can confuse the reader, as well as leading them to take the essay less seriously.This introductory paragraph can introduce new concepts and demonstrate how these concepts have been presented in the previous paragraphs. For example, you might have to show an interesting point of observation, and then explain how the problem can be resolved in a way that is clearly stated and well constructed. You might even need to illustrate how your proposed solution to the problem is easier than the problem in the previous paragraph.For students who are going to use a large number of numbered paragraphs, this paragraph is probably the most important paragraph of the entire essay. If you really want to impress the reader, you need to be able to do a great job on this paragraph. Your work will show up at the end of the piece.Finally, the introductory paragraph usually begins the summary paragraph. It is the first paragraph of the summary paragraph and also usually contains one or more notes or quotations. It provides a simple summary of what the essay is about and also shows where the essay has ended. benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-68121888257056814542020-07-12T14:00:00.001-07:002020-07-12T14:00:04.740-07:00How to Write a Goodbye to Arms EssayHow to Write a Goodbye to Arms EssayWhen it comes to writing a farewell to arms essay, there are many different kinds of topics that you can use. You don't have to worry about being able to create the perfect dissertation, because there are so many topics that you can choose from. However, when you do decide to go with a topic that is more in depth, you should still know how to write a farewell to arms essay.One of the first things that you should know about topics that you can choose for this kind of essay is that there are many different kinds of topics. Some of them will make the essay easier to write and some will make it more difficult. A farewell to arms essay will always be more difficult than any other type of essay that you have written. This is because you will have to go into a much more detailed format with this kind of essay.There are several different types of topics that you can choose from when it comes to writing this kind of essay. In addition to using topics that a re more general and less in depth, you can also use topics that involve your loved ones. These topics can include using the topic to talk about how long you have been married or that you have children.The topics you choose for a farewell to arms essay should be able to relate to the topic of your dissertation. In other words, if you are going to use your grandmother's topic, then you should know that she died more than three years ago. Therefore, you will need to use the topic of your dissertation to connect to the topic of your essay.You can also use one of the topics that were used by your grandmother to help you write your essay. For example, if you choose the topic of my grandmother's love of movies, then you can use this to help you write your essay. By doing this, you will be able to relate to a topic that was something that was important to your grandmother and you will be able to write a very good farewell to arms essay.Many people like to use the topic of religion to help t hem write their farewell to arms essay. For example, if you choose to write an essay about how religion has affected your life, then you can use the subject of your essay to talk about how your grandmother was raised as a Christian. When you are using this type of topic, you should not only talk about your grandmother's upbringing, but you should also talk about how your grandmother has impacted your life as well.The topics that are used for a farewell to arms essay are very common topics. Therefore, if you want to be successful when it comes to writing an essay about your grandmother, then you should use topics that are common to many different topics. For example, if you chose to write an essay about how your grandmother influenced you, then you should use a topic about the power of the mind.If you want to be successful with your writing, then you should remember that you should use some of the ideas that your grandmother had used. These are common topics that you can use when you are writing a farewell to arms essay. So, you should know that there are many different kinds of topics that you can use. benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-73427870298587936562020-05-20T05:02:00.001-07:002020-05-20T05:02:05.010-07:00Biography of Pompey the Great, Roman Statesman Pompey the Great (September 29, 106 BCEââ¬âSeptember 28, 48à BCE) was one of the main Roman military leaders and statesmen during the final decades of the Roman Republic. He made a political alliance with Julius Caesar, married his daughter, and then fought against him for control of the empire. A skilled warrior, Pompey became known as Pompey the Great. Fast Facts: Pompey the Great Known For: Pompey was a Roman military commander and statesman who was part of the First Triumvirate with Marcus Licinius Crassus and Julius Caesar.Also Known As: Pompey, Gnaeus Pompeius MagnusBorn: September 29, 106 BCE in Picenum, Roman RepublicDied: September 28, 48 BCE in Pelusium, EgyptSpouse(s): Antistiaà (m. 86-82 BCE), Aemilia Scauraà (m. 82-79 BCE), Mucia Tertiaà (m. 79-61 BCE), Juliaà (m. 59-54 BCE), Cornelia Metellaà (m. 52-48 BCE)Children: Gnaeus Pompeius, Pompeia Magna, Sextus Pompeius Early Life Unlike Caesar, whose Roman heritage was long and illustrious, Pompey came from a non-Latin family in Picenum (in northern Italy), with money. His father,à Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo, was a member of the Roman Senate. At 23, following in his fathers footsteps, Pompey entered the political scene by raising troops to help Roman general Sulla liberate Rome from the Marians. Marius and Sulla had been at odds ever since Marius took credit for a victory in Africa that his subordinate Sulla had engineered. Their struggles led to many Roman deaths and unthinkable violations of Roman law, such as bringing an army into the city itself. Pompey was a Sullan and a supporter of the conservative Optimates. A novus homo, or new man, Marius was Julius Caesars uncle and a supporter of the populist group known as the Populares. Pompey fought Marius men in Sicily and Africa. For his bravery in battle, he was given the title Pompey the Great (Pompeius Magnus). Sertorian War and Third Mithridatic War Civil war continued in Rome when Quintus Sertorius, one of the Populares, launched an attack against the Sullans in the Western Roman Empire. Pompey was sent to assist the Sullansà in the fighting, which lasted from 80 BCE to 72 BCE. Pompey was a skilled strategist; he used his forces to draw out the enemy and attack them when they least suspected it. In 71 BCE, he helped Roman leaders suppress the slave uprising led by Spartacus, and he later played a role in the defeat of the pirate menace. When he invaded the country of Pontus, in Asia Minor, in 66 BCE, Mithridates, who had long been a thorn in Romes side, fled to the Crimea where he arranged for his own death. This meant the Mithridatic wars were finally over; Pompey could take credit for another victory. On behalf of Rome, Pompey also took control of Syria in 64 BCEââ¬â¹ and captured Jerusalem. When he returned to Rome in 61 BCE, he held a triumphal celebration. The First Triumvirate Along with Marcus Licinius Crassus and Julius Caesar, Pompey formed what is known as the First Triumvirate, which became the dominating force in Roman politics. Together, these three rulers were able to seize power from some of the Optimates and resist the power of the Roman nobles in the Senate. Like Pompey, Caesar was a skilled and highly respected military leader; Crassus was the wealthiest man in the Roman Empire. The alliances between the three men, however, were personal, tenuous, and short-lived. Crassus was not happy that Pompey had taken credit for overcoming the Spartans, but with Caesar mediating, he agreed to the arrangement for political ends. When Pompeys wife Julia (Caesars daughter) died, one of the main links broke. Crassus, a less capable military leader than the other two, was killed in military action in Parthia. Civil War After the dissolution of the First Triumvirate, tensions began to escalate between Pompey and Caesar. Some Roman leaders, including those who had previously resisted the authority of Pompey and Caesar, decided to back Pompey in an election for consul, fearing that the failure to do so would create a power vacuum in Rome. Pompey then married Cornelia, the daughter of the Roman consul Metellus Scipio. For a time, Pompey controlled much of the Roman Empire while Caesar continued his campaigns abroad. In 51 BCE, Pompey made moves to relieve Caesar of his command. He promised to give up his own armies as well; however, some scholars claim that this was merely a ploy to hurt public opinion of Caesar, who no one expected would surrender his forces. Negotiations continued unsuccessfully for some time, with neither commander willing to make military concessions, and eventually the conflict turned into outright war. The Great Roman Civil Warââ¬âalso known as Caesars Civil Warââ¬âlasted four years, from 49 to 45 BCE. It came to an end with Caesars decisive victory at the Battle of Munda. Death Pompey and Caesar first faced each other as enemy commanders after Caesar, defying orders from Rome, crossed the Rubicon. Caesar was the victor of the battle at Pharsalus in Greece, where he was outnumbered by Pompeys forces. After the defeat, Pompey fled to Egypt, where he was killed and his head cut off so that it could be sent to Caesar. Legacy Even though he turned against Caesar, Pompey was widely admired by his countrymen for his role in the conquest of various territories. He was especially admired by the nobles, and statues of him were placed in Rome as a tribute to his military and political accomplishments. His image was printed on silver coins in 40 BCE. Pompey has been depicted in a number of films and television series, including Julius Caesar, Rome, Ancient Rome: The Rise and Fall of an Empire, and Spartacus: War of the Damned. Sources Fields, Nic.à Warlords of Republican Rome: Caesar versus Pompey. Casemate, 2010.Gillespie, William Ernest.à Caesar, Cicero and Pompey: the Roman Civil War. 1963.Morrell, Kit.à Pompey, Cato, and the Governance of the Roman Empire. Oxford University Press, 2017.Seager, Robin.à Pompey, a Political Biography. University of California Press, 1979. benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-17061328735421128642020-05-06T23:02:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:02:29.300-07:00The Management Involved With Everest Simulation Created By... 1.0 Introduction Mount Everest, as the highest mountain in the world, is famous for the enormous challenge of reaching its summit. This analytic essay is an analysis of the management involved with the Everest Simulation created by Harvard Business School. During this 3hour simulation I was the team doctor and achieved all ten of the possible ten points available, therefore 100% of goals were achieved. This score is related to the goals I accomplish as an individual and as a team. I enjoyed the simulation and expanded upon my knowledge as it taught a profound understanding of team dynamics, the capability to accept change, a stronger ability to analyse available information and create effective communication. Our team as a whole obtained 94% of our goals. 2.0 Leadership 2.1 Issue Our teamââ¬â¢s major goal when completing this simulation was to ensure we scored as many points as possible not only individually but collectively. The enticement to get every member to the summit was alluring; however as a team we decided it was better to stop and contemplate each stage in order to maximise points. As the simulation was a highly structured task this made the concept of an individual leading and managing the team ultimately redundant. Each group member contributed towards being team leader as the group worked cooperatively and cohesively throughout. This issue corresponds to the theory of leadership and in particular substitutes for leadership. A team working as one making informedShow MoreRelatedEverest Report Mgmt10013908 Words à |à 16 PagesMGMT1001: Everest Report Andrew Lau A critical and reflective self-evaluation of my experiences during the Everest team simulation in the contexts of ââ¬Ëattitudes, personalities amp; perceptionsââ¬â¢, ââ¬Ëpower amp; conflictââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëgroups amp; teamsââ¬â¢. Executive Summary The Everest simulation is a team simulation designed to emulate real life group processes and the diverse range of intergroup interactions this entails. Developed by Harvard Business School, participants are grouped into teams ofRead MoreEverest Is A Simulation Game Created By A Collaboration Between Forio Business Simulations And Harvard Business School3479 Words à |à 14 Pagesââ¬Æ' 1. Executive Summary Everest, is a simulation game created by a collaboration between Forio Business Simulations and Harvard Business School, in which the objective is to virtually climb to the top of the world, Mount Everest. The gruelling virtual climb is meant to reflect real life problems of climbing a mountain, such as oxygen scarcity, volatile health conditions, and unpredictable weather. One of the main features of the climb however is the students who are thrown randomly in groups ofRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words à |à 1617 Pagesis an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S.Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words à |à 1186 Pages Cross Reference of Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) Concepts to Text Topics Chapter 1 Modern Project Management Chapter 8 Scheduling resources and cost 1.2 Project defined 1.3 Project management defined 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 2.1 The project life cycle (.2.3) App. G.1 The project manager App. G.7 Political and social environments F.1 Integration of project management processes [3.1] 6.5.2 Setting a schedule baseline [8.1.4] 6.5.3.1 Setting a resource schedule 6.5.2.4 Resource benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-86085331735064743942020-05-06T07:25:00.001-07:002020-05-06T07:25:52.414-07:00Leading Case of Brunninghausen v Glavanics â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Leading Case of Brunninghausen v Glavanics. Answer: In the leading case of Brunninghausen v Glavanics the appellant was the only active director and also majority shareholder. In the same company the respondent was the sleeping director and shareholder. The relations between the two directors, who are parties to the present case, became sour and both parties lost trust into each other. The respondent retained his position of the director as a formality as a result he was not given any information regarding the company's affairs. The parties started negotiating to resolve the differences between them. The appellant, during the negotiation proceedings, received a proposal from a third party to purchase the assets of the company. The appellant negotiated with the party without giving information to the respondent. On the other side, the respondent got ready to sell his shares to the appellant at a rate which was much below the same rate which was paid by the party purchasing the company. The judge at the trial court held that the appella nt had a fiduciary duty being a director towards the respondent being a shareholder. The judge also held that the appellant committed breach of his duty by not disclosing the facts of the other negotiation that he had with the third party. The Judge ordered to conduct an inquiry in order to determine the amount of compensation that is to be paid and as a final award ordered compensation to the respondent (Brunninghausen v Glavanics (1999) 199 NSWCA). As per the law of corporations a shareholder can sue the directors on behalf of the company in case of breach of obligations (Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) s 236). The court in this case observed that the omission to recognize the presence of a fiduciary relationship between a director and a shareholder of a company in turn gives recognition to the separate legal personality of the company as distinct from its members. It is to be noted that this does not gives rise to a presumption that no fiduciary obligation at all existed. The relationship of that of a director and shareholder of a company is not a status based fiduciary relationship rather it is more fact based. In these cases where the courts recognized the existence of fiduciary duty on the part of the director towards the shareholders were that in these cases there were either few directors or few shareholders where sometimes shareholders were also directors or the companies were either companies carrying on family business or are private companies (Flannigan, cited in Nosworthy 2010). The court held that the typical characteristics of the fiduciary relationships are that the party under the obligation agrees to act in the interest of his counterpart which will affect the interest of the latter. This fiduciary relationship gives the party under the obligation pleasure to the disadvantage of the other person who is at a vulnerable position to be abused by the former (Hospital Products Limited v United States Surgical Corporation (1984) 64 HCA). In some cases the courts have laid down that a fiduciary relation between the director and the shareholders has arisen. Some of the cases are where a director buys the shares from the shareholders, or at the time of winding up of the company or where the share issue power has been used improperly (Flannigan, cited in Nosworthy 2010). The court held that in order to grant or reserve reasonable remedies, the significance of the commercial personality considerably reduces in two conditions, firstly, when the directors of the company deal with the shareholders for the buying or selling of the shares, chiefly in cases of direct dealings where the deal is not done anonymously on stock exchanges and secondly, when there are very few shareholders and directors and they have close relations. Here the intention of the judge may be criticized on two grounds. Firstly that the equitable doctrines and remedies operate irrespective of the corporate structure that has been given by the Corporations Act ((Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) ss 185 and 193). Secondly, the factors which have been given by the judge are irrelevant to the corporate structure as given under the Corporation Act. The view of the judge therefore can be criticized on the grounds that he has redefined the types of corporate structure as given under the Corporation Act in an inappropriate manner. The Corporations Act states that a proprietary company shall have only director and one member (Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) ss 114 and 201A(1)). Also the Companies Act demands the same requirement (Companies Act 1981 (Cth) s 219(1)). Further, the judge may also be criticized for suggesting that there is, on the basis of the number of directors and shareholders in the company, a sliding scale of commercial personality and the obligations that the officers owe to the company (Nosworthy 2010). The appellate court in the present case held that besides the general rule that a director of a company owes a fiduciary duty towards the company and not towards its shareholders, in cases involving direct interest of the shareholder precluding the interest of the company, the director owes a fiduciary obligation towards the shareholder. The court also held that it is the fiduciary duty of the director of a company towards its shareholders, while making any negotiations for the buying or selling of shares, to disclose all the facts to the shareholder which may affect his decision to buy or sell the shares. The general rule regarding the directors duty towards the shareholders of the company is that in the day-to-day business of the company the director of the company owes a fiduciary obligation towards the company alone. The basis behind forming this rule was that the directors would be put in an unfair position if they had to disclose confidential discussions to the shareholders of the company (Percival v Wright (1902) 401 Ch 2). The courts, in certain cases, have recognized some fiduciary obligations that a director of a company owes towards its shareholders. A possibility may exist that directors of a company who seek additional capital from their shareholders might have a fiduciary obligation towards its shareholders (Nocton v Ashburton (1914) 932 AC). In another case the court observed that the directors of the company selling the business owe an obligation towards their shareholders and a duty of not to deceive or mislead forms a part of such obligation. Further the court also accepted the fact that if a shareholder of such a company is misled to accept an offer, the co-shareholders may be prejudiced. Therefore if the minority shareholders are wrongfully forced to purchase as a consequence of a breach of obligation on behalf of the directors of a company, the former may make a complaint (Gething v Kilner (1972) 337 WLR 1). Here in the present case the defendant had a special knowledge which was acquired by him during the time when he was managing the company about a profitable sale of his business. This occasion was available particularly to the company although the deal was that of sale of its shares. The existence of a fiduciary obligation must be displayed by the existence of a relationship itself which includes the facts that the defendant was the only active director in the company, the plaintiff was the only other shareholder in the company, they had close familial relations, the interference of their mother- in-law to reconcile their issues and the privilege that the defendant had, due to his position, with regard to the sale of the business of the company to the third party. If any fiduciary obligation arises from the above mentioned facts, such obligation must be one that is imposed by law. The defendant has done no such thing which enable the court to assume that any fiduciary obligation existed on the part of the defendant. The judge was of the view that there was as no such relationship of fiduciary nature between the defendant and the plaintiff but the defendant was under an obligation to disclose to the plaintiff the facts of the offer of purchase of business made by the third party. It is to be noted that the court denied the existence of any such duty in the case of Percival v Wright and held that the case was totally different from the present one. If the judgment of Percival v Wright is not followed then it can be held that there was a fiduciary obligation on the part of the defendant towards the plaintiff. In the context of the present case a statement with regard to the duty of the defendant towards the company for the transactions between him and the plaintiff with respect to shares is of no sense. This duty does not carry any practical content and the company cannot undergo any kind of loss by the breach of such obligation. Where the director of the company owes a fiduciary obligation towards the company, the former does not holds a parallel or identical obligation towards the shareholders of the company regarding the same subject matter. But this must not exclude the existence of a fiduciary obligation on the part of the director of the company towards the shareholders with regard to the selling of shares in comparison to any obligation that such director owes towards the company. Many of the customary fiduciary relationships like that of a principal and an agent or that of a lawyer and his client are formed by the free will of the parties. In these relationships the party to whom the obligation is owed has the right to waive them whenever they want provided the contractual restraints are complied with. With regard to other relationships like that of a guardian and a ward or that of a parent and a child or that of a trustee and a beneficiary come into existence either under the process of law or by the act of others. These category of relationships is not formed by the free will of the parties neither the party to whom the other owes a fiduciary duty has right to terminate the same. Therefore the plaintiff, being a shareholder, in the instant case had no power or legal right to inspect the accounts of the company but he had right to ask for the copies of the accounts which he failed to exercise. The inspection could not have provided any suggestions with regard to the actual price of the shares. He had no right to be informed about the negotiations regarding the sale of the business of the company. The defendant who was the sole active director of the company is said to have acquired an advantageous position with respect to the plaintiff. He had liberty to disclose the facts about the undergoing negotiations regarding the sale of the business of the company to the plaintiff but was under no compulsion to do the same. Accordingly the defendant got into a position whereby he could practically affect the interest of the shareholder and with regard to the negotiations between them the defendant also got into a position disadvantageous to the plaintiff. The court also opined that as after 1983 the director failed to act in the interest of the shareholder while in the case of a proprietary company the director owes a fiduciary obligation towards the shareholders of the company. The director owes a fiduciary obligation towards its shareholders to promote the interest of the latter while making any negotiations regarding the takeover or acquisition of the company. Conflict arises where the parties keep their personal interest over their joint interest. A conflict could only arise if they prefer their personal interests over their joint interest. This conduct duty. The views of this case in a latter case where the court held that in a quasi- partnership where the status of the partners is dead- locked, the directors fall in a fiduciary relationship with one another as in the case of the company (Mesenberg v Cord Industrial Recruiters Pty Ltd (1996) 39 NSWLR 128) . Again in Hadid v Lenfest Communications the court interpreted the judgment of the instant case to mean that a legal duty to disclose certain facts is imposed upon the director to disclose the facts of 'dominating importance' only when the shareholder reasonably expects the same to be disclosed (Hadid v Lenfest Communications (1999) 1798 FCA). In a recent judgment the Chancery Division of the High Court of UK summarized that the directors owe a fiduciary obligation towards the shareholders of the company only in cases of special relationship. The judge referring the law of UK and that of overseas explained that the directors owe a fiduciary duty towards the company only (Sharp Others v Blank Others (2015) 3220 EWHC (Ch)). The judge held that although a director owes fiduciary duties towards the shareholders of the company, this obligation arises not because he is the director of the company but because there exist a special relationship between the director of the company and its shareholders. References Brunninghausen v Glavanics (1999) NSWCA. Companies Act 1981 (Cth). Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). Gething v Kilner (1972) WLR 1. Hadid v Lenfest Communications (1999) FCA. Hospital Products Limited v United States Surgical Corporation (1984) HCA. Mesenberg v Cord Industrial Recruiters Pty Ltd (1996) NSWLR 39. Nosworthy, B 2010, Directors ?duciary obligations: Is the shareholder an appropriate bene?ciary?, Australian Journal of Corporate Law, vol. 24, pp. 299-300. Nocton v Ashburton (1914) AC. Percival v Wright (1902) 2 (Ch). Sharp Others v Blank Others (2015) EWHC (Ch). benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-53344373779535745372020-04-23T17:43:00.001-07:002020-04-23T17:43:03.019-07:00Repeat After Me-The Taming Of The Shrew Essays - Repeat After Me-The Taming Of The Shrew Repeat After Me As she screams at her father Katherine says What will you not suffer me? Nay now I see She is your treasure, she must have a husband; I must dance barefoot on her wedding day, And for your love to her lead apes in hell (Shakespeare 35). Katherine knows that her father favors Bianca because she is a goody two shoes of daughter. Kate expresses her feelings of having to be married off first because nobody in town wants her as a wife. Kate does not believe that she should be offered as a wife and then backed up with a dowry. She is quite opinionated about this, with no fear of who knows or not. Katherines views and beliefs of marriage and life set her apart from other women in Padua. Women, such as Bianca, simply go along with marriages and abide by what their husbands request. She is the one woman no man has been able to tame, and no man has wanted to. The town sees her as callous, sharp-tongued, and unmannerly, until Petruchio comes along to woo her. At the end of Shakespeares play The Taming of the Shrew it seems as though Petruchio has tamed Kate but in actuality she has simply learned to play his game and tell him what he wants to hear. After Kates father agrees to her marriage, Petruchio sets off to find Katherine and tell her the news. Upon finding her, they argue back and forth, teasing one another with playful words. This is where Petruchio decides he will make a decent wife out of Kate. He comes right out and tells her And bring you from a wild Kate to a Kate, conformable as other Kates(45). Petruchio believes that Kate will be tamed and will become the wife he wants through his loving guidance. The wedding day arrives but the groom does not. Petruchio is very late and this puts Kate in an awful mood. She rants on about the marriage as she awaits his arrival. Declaring herself Kate says: No shame but mine. I must, forsooth, be forced to give my hand opposed against my heart unto a mad-brained rudesby full of spleen, who wooed in haste and means to wed at leisure. I told you, I, he was a frantic fool . . . Now must the world point at poor Katherine and say, Lo, there is mad Petruchios wife, If it would please him come and marry her! (54) In this passage Katherine is first subjected to Petruchios plan for taming her. Angered by his actions she tells the townsfolk of her objection to this marriage. Kate believes that she should be in love with whom she wants to marry, but this is obviously not the case with Petruchio. She explains that he will make an awful husband due to his actions and his motive for even marrying her in the first place. She is embarrassed on her very own wedding day and is ashamed of Petruchio. After the wedding is over, Kate and Petruchio return to his home in the country. Petruchio begins to tell his servants all about his plan for Kate. He explains Another way I have to man my haggard, to make her come and know her keepers call: that is, to watch her, as we watch these kites that bate and beat and will not be obedient (70). Referring to Kate as a hawk that will obey its owners request, he knows that she will eventually obey his request just as the bird obeys. By keeping close watch over her actions Petruchio will have say on what she can or cannot do. This will teach her to become submissive to his every word. Kate is still disagreeable when Petruchio tells her of the trip to Padua for her sisters wedding. He warns her and says Look what I speak, or do, or think to do, you are still crossing it. -Sirs, lett alone. I will not go today, and ere I do it shall be what oclock I say it is (83). At this point Kate catches on to Petruchios plan and begins to play along with him. benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-67709679445001816802020-03-17T14:13:00.001-07:002020-03-17T14:13:03.520-07:00Difficulties of communication within Jebel Ali Free Zone organizationDifficulties of communication within Jebel Ali Free Zone organization Introduction Communication is one of the most important elements in a firmââ¬â¢s operations. Through effective communication, a firm can establish a strong relationship with the various organizational stakeholders such as customers, suppliers, government, and employees amongst others (Griffin, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Difficulties of communication within Jebel Ali Free Zone organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the course of executing their duties, business executives experience communication problems, and thus they are concerned on how to understand better the various stakeholders especially the employees. Jackson (2006) is of the opinion that it is paramount for firmsââ¬â¢ management teams to overcome internal and external communication barriers. The communication interactions and approaches adopted by organizations directly influence the functioning of their departments and hence their overall business performance. This paper evaluates the case of Jebel Ali Free Zone in a bid to develop a better understanding of the communication difficulties experienced by organizations. The paper also evaluates a number of barriers and difficulties that the firm experiences in its communication processes. They include the existence of cultural barriers, lack of feedback, lack of clarity, system design faults, and lack of honesty and complexity of the organization. Finally, the paper proposes a number of solutions to deal with these problems. General information about Jebel Ali Free Zone Jebel Ali Free Zone (Jafza) was established in 1985. It is a member of the UAEââ¬â¢s Economic Zone World. In its operation, Jafza is committed at delivering optimal customer service. Its commitment to customer service enabled Jafza to attain ISO 9001: 2000 certification (Business Services, 2012, Para. 1). Since its establishment, the organization has undergone a significant transfo rmation. Currently it acts as a hub for over 6,700 companies, which are both domestic and foreign companies. The companies are from 150 different countries across the globe. The organization was founded on the premise of becoming an international business hub. Its establishment was also intended at providing its clients with an opportunity to access a wide range of valuable business features such as optimal location, effective and efficient infrastructure, and logistics. Over the years, the organization has become a key driver within the rapidly growing United Arabs Emirates economy (Business Services, 2012).Advertising Looking for research paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The organization is situated at Dubai, which serves as an optimal midway between various continents such as Africa, Europe, and Asia. Consequently, Jafza provides its clients with the opportunity to increase their cu stomer base. As an international business hub, Jafza enables businesses to access a customer base of over 2 million people. Jafza also acts as a gateway to other economies within the United Arabs Emirates, Middle East, and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which are less than 24 hours away. The zone is located between Al Maktoum International Airport, the largest container port, and Jebel Ali Port in Dubai, which ranks as the sixth biggest cargo port. Jafza is unique in that there is no other free zone that lies between two major logistic enablers. The organization also prides in a 6-lane highway, which facilitates transportation of custom bound goods between ports within 20 minutes. Establishment of an effective and efficient infrastructure is one of Jafzaââ¬â¢s key strengths (Business Services, 2012). In a bid to increase its client base, Jafza has incorporated a number of commercial incentives such as full repatriation of capital and profit earned from the firmââ¬â¢s oper ations, zero income and corporate taxes for the duration of fifty years, 100 per cent foreign ownership and elimination of local labor restrictions for investors. Additionally, Jafza has also eliminated currency restrictions. The organization also provides diverse state-of-the-art facilities some of which include Light Industrial Unites (LIU), warehouse and showroom facilities, land, and office space. The purpose of establishing the light industrial units was to provide clients with an opportunity to store their light industrial products and undertake light assembling and production. The firm ensures that the LIUs are adequately supplied with sufficient power, which enables them to undertake their business operations smoothly. Other facilities that LIUs have include sufficient parking space and a container loading dock. Jafza has established eight blocks, which compose the 68 showroom-cum-warehouses to meet the needs of its clients. The rooms serve various purposes such as distribut ion, display, and storage. On the other hand, Jafza owns a sizeable plot of land, which is available for leasing. Management problem communication difficulties Jafza Jafza is cognizant of the importance of attaining operational efficiency. Consequently, the firm has established a number of departments, which include sales and marketing, property, civil engineering, and administrative services departments (Business Services, 2012, Para. 3). The departmentsââ¬â¢ operations aim at attaining one objective, which is to appraise the applications made by the various clients who intend to establish their operations in the Free Zone.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Difficulties of communication within Jebel Ali Free Zone organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Upon the clientââ¬â¢s approval, the departments provide additional vital services to clients. In spite of existence of goal congruence between th e various departments, their responsibilities differ. Successful communication forms the foundation of Jafzaââ¬â¢s operations. However, in the course of its operation, Jafza faces a number of communication difficulties as discussed below. Cultural barriers Culture is one of the major issues that organizations have to take into account in the course of their operations (Krizan, 2011). However, companies that are involved in cross-border activities are the most affected by the existence of cross-border cultural differences. In its operation, Jafza has established itself as an international business hub. Consequently, the firm faces a number of cultural challenges. Jafza serves clients who are characterized by diverse language and cultural backgrounds. The cultural differences emanate from the fact that the clients come from different countries. Some of the major cultural differences that Jafza experiences are associated with differences in ethnicity, physical challenge, religion, l ifestyle, age, and gender. Consequently, the firm experiences a number of communication barriers. One of the main cultural barriers associates with cultural ethnocentrism and relativism. According to Krizan (2011), cultural relativism emanates from differences in values and behaviors amongst the parties involved. One of the standards of measuring cultural relativism is ethics such as what one culture considers being right or wrong. By developing such an approach, some of the Jafzas employees experience a challenge in the process of interpreting the intended meaning by the clients. On the other hand, the firm also experiences communication difficulties within its departments due to ethnocentrism. In a bid to develop a strong human resource base, Jafza has sourced its employees from different countries. However, some of the employees consider their culture as more superior compared to other cultures. As a result, this aspect leads to lack of effective collaboration between the firmâ⠬â¢s departments. Collaboration between departments in an organization is attainable by ensuring effective communication. Despite the existence of similarities between employee behaviors, their culture may be completely different, which leads to the formation of stereotypes and distrust amongst employees in various departments.Advertising Looking for research paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In its operation, Jafza experiences a major problem due to the existence of stereotypes within its departments, which fail to appreciate the importance of cultural diversity. Consequently, the firm suffers through reduction in the level of integration between departments. Additionally, some employees in Jafza departments consider their culture as superior to others. Consequently, they prefer working with employees of their cultural background compared to others. This aspect means that there is a substantial level of distrust amongst the firmââ¬â¢s employees. However, the success of Jafza is dependent on the operations of all the departments. Existence of communication difficulties due to cultural barriers is adversely affecting teamwork within the firm. Considering the fact that Jafza deals with a wide range of clients from different countries, the organization has to deal with the issue of cultural diversity. In an effort to deal with this challenge, Jafza has to train its workf orce continuously to manage the existing communication gaps effectively. One of the issues, which the firm has to focus on in its training process entails helping the employees to appreciate cultural diversity. Additionally, Jafza has to ensure that its employees in the various departments are bilingual (Hartley, Chatterton, Bruckmann, 2002). Lack of feedback For complete communication cycle, there has to be feedback from the intended recipient (Lunenburg Ornstein, 2008). The feedback enables the initiator of the communication process to determine whether the recipient has understood the intended message. Decoding the sent message is paramount in ensuring the implementation of the appropriate action. However, Jafzaââ¬â¢s communication process faces a major challenge due to lack of feedback. One of the factors that lead to lack of feedback associates with ineffective collaboration between the various departments. In the course of executing their duties, the firmââ¬â¢s departm ents carry diverse responsibilities. For example, the sales and marketing department is charged with the responsibility of receiving, approving, and analyzing the applications made by clients. On the other hand, the civil engineering departmentââ¬â¢s responsibility entails analyzing the clientsââ¬â¢ projects. Therefore, operations of the two departments are interlinked. The civil engineering department cannot execute its duties if the sales and marketing department receives the applications and fail to communicate the same. Lack of clarity In a bid to attain the desired effectiveness in the communication process, it is paramount for the firmsââ¬â¢ management teams to ensure that the employees understand the intended message. However, there are some instances when the message is not adequately decoded (Lunenburg Ornstein, 2008). One of the reasons why the message may not be understood is associated with the fact that the employees might interpret the message differently. In the course of its operation, Jafza experiences a major challenge in communicating to the various departments, which arises from the fact that there are some instances when the message is not clear. This aspect forces the employees to act in a manner that is contradictory to the intended action. System design faults Considering the importance of communication within and across departments, most organizations are cognizant of the importance of implementing communication systems and structures. One of the communication systems that firms should implement relates to information communication system. In the course of its operation, Jafza has implemented an information communication system across all its departments. However, the communication system is not well configured to meet the firmââ¬â¢s communication needs. Consequently, Jafza has been experiencing a major challenge when communicating to its employees and clients (Means Rankin, 2010). The communication system entails relying on the clients and employeesââ¬â¢ personal emails IDs. This element presents a major challenge because the firm would not have managed to track the clients or employees in the event they left Jafza. Additionally, the firm also faced a challenge because most clients lost their email IDs. Consequently, Jafza suffered a major challenge with regard to implementing and maintaining an effective and reliable e-mail communication system especially with regard to its clients operating outside the free zone. Therefore, to improve the efficiency of its customer service delivery, Jafza needed an effective communication channel that would improve communication consistency. Lack of honesty Honesty is one of the indispensable elements of every successful business entity, and the lack of the same is a clear indication of an imminent failure. During difficult times such as recession, Jafza experiences a major challenge in its communication process. The challenge emanates from the fact that emplo yees may not be honest in their communication process. For example, during difficult times, the firm requires employees to give honest answers on some of the issues that the firm is facing. However, upon sensing the problems, the employees may fail to issue the intended information. Complexity of the organization According to Fielding (2006, p. 20), organizations experience a challenge due to the existence of numerous people to whom the message should be passed. Passing information to many individuals may result in the message being distorted due to extensive filtering and omission errors as the message is being passed on from one party to another. This phenomenon is very rife in Jafza due to the hierarchical organizational structure that the firm has adopted. In an effort to meet the customersââ¬â¢ needs, the firm has organized itself into a number of departments, which include sales and marketing department, administrative services department, civil engineering department, and the property department. The operations of every department are greatly dependent on other departments. As a result, the firm experiences communication breakdown due to the occurrence of distortions and omissions. Solutions to deal with the problem In order to continue with its high rate of growth, it is paramount for Jafza to deal with the communication difficulties experienced, and to achieve this objective, the firm should take into account a number of issues as outlined below. Incorporating an audience-centered approach Jafza should incorporate effective measures to deal with communication difficulties across and within departments arising from the existence of cultural differences. Firstly, the firm should stimulate the employees to appreciate the prevailing cultural diversity, and to achieve this goal, the firm should ensure that the employees understand each otherââ¬â¢s cultural differences with regard to education, race, religion, status, gender. This move will play an im portant role in eliminating discrimination amongst employees. Thus, the firm will undertake effective communication. One of the ways through which this goal is attainable is by taking into account the message needs of the intended receiver. Fostering an open-communication environment Existence of restrictive environment is one of the reasons why organizations are not efficient in their communication process, and to deal with this challenge, Jafza should ensure that there is open communication. One of the ways through which the firm can achieve this aspect is by modifying the number of organizational level. For example, the firm can adopt a more flat organizational structure, which will lead to an improvement in the degree of interaction between the firmââ¬â¢s departments. Additionally, Jafza should ensure that it incorporates the concept of teamwork. The firm should assign some responsibilities to employees from various departments. This move will play an important role in improv ing the level of trust amongst employees, and thus there will be an increment in the rate of interaction amongst employees, hence improving communication (Fielding, 2006, p. 20). Incorporating ethical communication Jafza should ensure that it integrates ethical communication to improve the effectiveness and efficiency with which it delivers its customer service. The firm can achieve this goal by motivating employees to be transparent in their communication process. Therefore, they should desist from all deceptive tactics and issuing negative information. Improve the efficiency of the message Jafza is a very complex organization; therefore, it is important for the firm to ensure that it creates lean and efficient messages. In a bid to achieve this objective, the firm should motivate departments to report in a concise manner, for such a move will play an important role in preventing the audience from losing interest in reading the intended message. Additionally, incorporation of lean messages will tend to increase the level of concentration amongst the employees. By keeping the messages lean, the firm will avoid overloading its information communication network (Fielding, 2006, p. 20). Updating its communication infrastructure In an attempt to deal with the communication systems challenge, Jafza outsourced the services of FVC, a renowned value added distributor of Google Enterprise solutions in North Africa and the Middle East. The firm offers a wide range of e-mail solutions specifically the ready-to-use email solutions. In addition to being secure, the email solution provided by FVC is also compatible with that of Jafza and its clients. The technology utilizes Googleââ¬â¢s cloud computing technology. Additionally, the technology can be implemented immediately and accommodate numerous users of information communication without undertaking major infrastructural changes. By outsourcing, the services of FVC, Jafza has been in a position to deal with the communi cation challenge it experienced due to system design defaults. One of the ways through which the firm has benefited is that it has customized its clients and employeesââ¬â¢ e-email addresses. Employees can use addresses such @jafzamail.com. Through this technology, the firmââ¬â¢s management team can communicate with its employees and clients. Additionally, the firm has continued to ensure that it maintains the integrity of the communication medium. One of the ways through which the firm has attained this aspect is by ensuring that there is a two-way communication amongst the firm, its clients, and employees. Implementation of technology has extensively benefited the firm. For example, its deployment is both quick and convenient. Additionally, the firm is not required to undertake extensive training in enabling the employees and clients to use the technology. Therefore, the firm has minimized the cost of implementing the new technology in addition to improving its communication effectiveness and efficiency. Conclusion This analysis underscores the importance of communication within an organization. However, firms experience numerous communication challenges in their operations. Due to its cross-border operations, Jafza experiences numerous cultural barriers in its communication process. These barriers emanate from the existence of cultural diversity amongst the firmââ¬â¢s employees, which is well illustrated by the fact that some employees consider their culture as more superior compared to that of their fellow colleagues. Consequently, stereotypes emerge within the organization. The cultural differences also lead to the emergence of an inefficient feedback mechanism due to language barriers, thus leading to lack of inter-departmental collaboration. Lack of collaboration has adverse effects on the firmââ¬â¢s operational efficiency. System default designs are another factor that had adversely affected the firmââ¬â¢s communication process. As a res ult, the firmââ¬â¢s management team could not stay in touch with the firmââ¬â¢s employees and its clients. Lack of honesty amongst its employees is another challenge that the firm experienced in its communication process. Some employees were not willing to give transparent information regarding the firmââ¬â¢s operations. In a bid to deal with the communication difficulties due to the system default design, Jafza has incorporated a new Google email solution. The new system has significantly improved the firmââ¬â¢s communication effectiveness and efficiency. In spite of this move, the firm should address a number of issues. Firstly, the firm should incorporate an audience-centered approach, which will improve its focus on the communication needs of the employees. It is also important for the firm to foster open communication in the firm by adopting a lean organization structure. This move will reduce the complexity associated with the reporting process. Fostering ethical c ommunication practices will also improve the firmââ¬â¢s communication efficiency. Additionally, the firm should continuously update its communication infrastructure Reference List Business Services. (2012). Jafza free zone. Web. Fielding, M. (2006). Effective communication in organizations: preparing messages thatà Communicate. Lansdowne, Cape Town: Juta Academics. Griffin, R. (2011). Management. Mason, OH: South Western Cengage Learning. Hartley, P., Chatterton, P., Bruckmann, C. (2002). Business communication; anà Introduction. New York, NY: Routledge. Jackson, J. (2006). The organization and its communication problems. Journal ofà Communication, 9(4), 158-167. Krizan, A. (2011). Business communication. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Lunenburg, F., Ornstein, A. (2008). Educational administration: concepts andà practices. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Means, T., Rankin, D. (2010). Business communication. Mason, OH: South Western Cengage Learning. benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-50228133145699611452020-03-01T05:59:00.001-08:002020-03-01T05:59:02.987-08:00Understanding Essay TitlesUnderstanding Essay Titles Understanding Essay Titles Today, it is rare that you would be given ready made essay titles. Usually what you get is an essay question or a prompt. The main ingredient in a successful essay is understanding what you need to write about. Most essay questions contain four components: aspect, focus, instruction and subject. This formula works both ways, either you get a question which already contains these elements, or you get a paragraph of instructions and you have to come up with an essay title, based on them. Besides your topic, the title should convey the angle of your argument, context and what you need to do. In this post, you will find out about the types of essay titles and what you should do with them. Based on the instructional verb, we can identify 9 types of titles. Analyze You have to process related materials to find key evidence and important factors which influence the outcome. This means that you have to examine each piece of information you find and give the audience facts, instead of assumptions. Example: The Importance of Higher Education Compare and Contrast These two often come in couple, because it is obvious that you will compare two points or elements to find both their similarities and differences. You can also explain the significance of the matching or opposing features you have found. Example: Batman VS Superman: Do Only Gods Have Superpowers? Describe This one is probably the easiest to understand, as you only need to point out the state of things. No opinions or explanations are required. Your essay will be based on one of the five senses: what I see, what I smell, what I hear, what I taste, what I feel Example: A Day In the Life of a Blind Person Discuss If you get a discussion type of essay title, be prepared to choose a side. Identify the points of view on the subject, take one and argue for or against it using facts, examples and opposing views. Example: Photo Realism: Is It Necessary? Evaluate Put on the teachersââ¬â¢ shoes for a day. If you are asked to evaluate something, you will have to analyze the subject matter and identify its usefulness or insignificance. Example: The Issue of Using Electronic Device on the Road Examine Here, you will have to take the subject under a microscope and look into the smallest details. It may be applied to people, events, different phenomena, and other elements. Example: Examine the Methods of Preventing Water Pollution Explain This type of essay title usually begins with a how or a why. It means that the essay will either give instructions or expose an issue and make it clear why something is happening the way it does. Example: Obesity in the USA Justify These topics are usually controversial in the course of a global discussion. You will have to find clear evidence to support the argument, explain why the phenomenon that you are defending has a place to be. Example: Legalizing Abortions for Rape Victims All in all, our service is always available online to provide students with custom essay writing help at a reasonable cost. benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-91895064638301111482020-02-13T21:23:00.001-08:002020-02-13T21:23:02.646-08:00Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3Discussion Board - Essay Example Internet has emerged as the conveyer of leadership, synchronizer of teamwork, and facilitator of communication. Rapid networking has integrated most of the managerial and communication processes in and around the organization. No doubt, Internet has thus expanded the scope of organizational behavior manifold. (Nelson and Quick, 2007) In this context, the example of ObWeb can be readily furnished, which is an entire website dedicated to the cause of organizational behavior. The website serves two main purposes: First, it helps thought sharing, communication, and research in the field of organizational behavior. Second, it strengthens the organizational behaviorist patterns of the academics and professionals by serving as an interactive social media platform. Hence, the web portal provides a forum for the members to ask questions, get answers, post announcements, and engage in a dialogue to address the issues related to organizational behavior. (Leana, 2010) Internet is perhaps one of the strongest tools of information technology (IT). Internet has enabled us to access huge amounts of data, communicate with each other across thousands of miles, and facilitate trans-platform integration of different technologies like email, ecommerce, etc. However, in regards of organizational behavior, the potential effects of IT and Internet are not uniformly positive. Organizations that rely on sophisticated information technologies are more vulnerable to vandalism, espionage, and sabotage. Moreover, IT can create new social divisions. For example, the computer savvy may be put vis-à -vis the nonuser and the educated may dominate the uneducated in newer ways. Faster ways to communicate through the Internet cannot substitute the critical human qualities like common sense and good judgment. Rather, too many channels of communication may lead to contradictions and confusion. Hence, advent of Internet has introduced new problems related to network benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-68920983285831140312020-02-01T13:02:00.001-08:002020-02-01T13:02:03.272-08:00Service Quality RTE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 wordsService Quality RTE - Essay Example The service marketing mix includes process, physical evidence, and people. When offering services instead of products, a company's reputation, the process of delivering the service and what is promised, value for the money, and follow up. Other differences include the improbability of services not being able to be returned and a company's service can be based on one particular sales representative. Council (2006) which states "The relationship between the audience and the broadcaster can be very uneven yet good communications between the two are vital for the ongoing development of a truly relevant service. RT is committed to being open to its audience, welcoming all contact, listening to all views, and responding promptly and appropriately. To facilitate communication and to enhance accountability" In order to provide quality services via services marketing, RTE must be aware of key macro economic environmental factors such as the climate in which the company conducts business. Regulations and policies set by the government. The economic environment includes the business cycle, rate of inflation, and interest rates. The changes in society's trends and markets and technological impact are also macro economic environmental factors. A Political, Economic, Socialcultural, and Technological Analysis (P.E.S.T. or PEST Analysis) is used to examine the macro (external) environment that companies must face and deal with when conducting business. External factors can be considered bad and yet a dynamic external environment creates opportunities as changes occur. Macro economic environmental factors are forces which affect companies dramatically if not controlled and addressed accordingly. The macro factors are dynamic and produce major changes and trends. Such factors include technology, politics, the status of the economy, and the Last Name 3 environment. As stated earlier, these factors (along with many other macro economic environmental factors) drive the changes that constantly occur. Demographics, or "The characteristics of human populations and population segments, especially when used to identify consumer markets", as defined by The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (2000) are highly determined. Unlike demographics, however, the macro environmental factor of public opinion is very uncertain. RTE should focus on the factors that are the most important and most uncertain. The company should focus on trends that are observable and measurable as these are good indicators of what changes should expect to happen and the directions in which these changes will take. RTE has an advantage in keeping abreast of the macro environmental factors as the media services (television, radio, business, news, benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-11010985036040195312020-01-24T09:26:00.001-08:002020-01-24T09:26:03.035-08:00America - A Nation of Immigrants Essay -- Immigrants Immigration UniteThe North American economic development has seen several stages of development. The first stage of economic development was a plantation-slave economy mixed with mercantilism, the second stage of development was a competitive industrial economy, and the stage third stage of economic development is multinational capitalism. Economic institution and related governmental actions have formed the tides of migration and the resulting patterns of immigrant adjustment. The original groups of inhabitants in North America were Native Americans. These Native people lost much of their land and many of their lives to the vicious European invasions. Many groups of immigrants came to America, yet each group had left their native country for various reasons and under various circumstances. Some immigrant groups entered America as slaves, others came to work at low paying labor jobs, and some came as entrepreneurs. These various groups were discriminated against at varying level, depending on the resources the group brought with them. Those immigrants who made the journey to America on their own freewill with economic resources found that it was much easier to find good jobs than those immigrants with less than such freewill and resources. Small business opportunities unfortunately were not available for most immigrants. The waves of immigrant migration to the North America are highlighted in phases. With phase one came English colonists from the 1600ââ¬â¢s to the 1800ââ¬â¢s. The English created colonies and forced land from the native people. The English also established a form of capitalism. During this same time Africans were seized from their native lands and were shipped to America involuntarily in the form of property, to be used as slave labor. Also, phase one brought an era in which Irish Catholics immigrated to America, driven from their native land from the 1830ââ¬â¢s to the 1860ââ¬â¢s, due to famine, oppression, and poor living conditions. These Irish immigrants were able to obtain low wage jobs. Phase two began with the immigration of Chinese people from the 1850ââ¬â¢s to the 1870ââ¬â¢s; these people came due to recruitment efforts by the United States and in hope of obtaining better living conditions. The Chinese became employed mostly in construction, and menial service jobs. The Italians arrived between the 1880ââ¬â¢s and the 1910ââ¬â¢s. The Italian people were recruited for construction... ...e rioters to stop the violence. Despite the hostilities in different areas, Korean entrepreneurs are still committed to building successful businesses. By their successes in New York and Los Angeles, tin low-income neighborhoods, they have spearheaded urban renewal. (Articles and Papers, "Why Koreans Succeed" by Heather MacDonald, City Journal, Spring 1995) Koreans have been such a recent addition to the culture and mainstream of the United States, we cannot make general assessments of validity of their contributions to society. All indications appear to indicate they have made, and will continue to make, a positive, inspiring impact, as they continue to integrate our society. Large numbers of Korean immigrants came to this country as a result of the Korean War. American armed forces involved in the war, came back to the United States with wives and children. The larger influx of Korean Americans came after 1965, when a new immigration law was passed. Both groups, hardened by wartime and brutality, were filled with dogged determination to succeed. Overcoming prejudice and maltreatment, they are a positive addition to our country, which is still the "melting pot" of the world. benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-4658030041752343652020-01-16T05:50:00.001-08:002020-01-16T05:50:03.813-08:00Cover Letter Handbook EssayRegister in the AIC Career Services database to view part-time and full-time jobs, work study opportunities, and internships in the Career Services web-page. View MonsterTrak jobs (jobs requiring 1-3 years) experience directly through the Career Services Job database. AIC Career Services is located in the Campus Center. E-mail: careerservices@aic.edu or call 413-205-3237 to schedule an appointment Visit the college web-page at www.aic.edu, access the Career Services link to register. WHAT IS A COVER LETTER? A cover letter is an application or letter of interest for a particular job whether solicited from advertisement or non-solicited. A cover letter should always be included with a resume. A cover letter introduces a job hunter to an employer and indicates a desire for an interview with that employer. THREE COMPONENTS TO A COVER LETTER 1. First Paragraph: States the desired position and how you learned about the job. Job hunters find employment openings through the newspaper, school, an employee of the company, or the Internet. 2. Second Paragraph: Includes the body of the letter and explains why you should be hired by describing how your work experience qualifies you for the job. Refer the employer to the resume when describing qualifications. But do not repeat the same information that is in the resume. Indicate why you are interested in the company. (Use a third paragraph to further explain your qualifications and interests if necessary). 3. Final Paragraph: Indicates a desire for an interview. Include contact information and indicate the type of response you anticipate from the letter. Always detail how you will follow up on your application. With the exception of school districts, never end the cover letter with ââ¬Å"look forward to hearing from you soon.â⬠An employer (other than school districts) may notà call candidates so it is ineffective to put the ball in the employerââ¬â¢s court. As a freshman, your main concern is most probably what MAJOR to choose. There are a variety of different ways to help you determine a possible major: 1) Get feedback from friends and family or those who know you best. Often, they can share with you what skills or attributes you have and this can help you in your decision to choose a major or potential career. Remember to use their feedback only as assistance in your decision-making, and not as strict advice. 2) Take a values/skills/interests evaluation such as FOCUS that will assist to determine what kind of career you are interested in and also help with choosing a major. 3) Gain experience. Often, the best way to figure out your career path or major is to gain experience in fields that you are interested in. Look for a summer job or part-time job during school that will help you gain experience in a field that you are interested in. You can visit the career center or search online for employment. 4) Get involved with activities/groups/committees on your campus. This will not only be a way to socialize and build relationships, but is also a way to gain further experience and skills such as leadership, teamwork, community service, etc. 5) Take your general education requirements first. This will help you focus on future courses that will help you achieve your career goals. SOPHOMORE 1) Start to set goals for yourself: both Career and Personal: Examples: I will get a summer job that I am interested in I will work on my organization skills I will get work on my study skills and maintain my GPA 2) Do your best in school! Potential employers value an employee with good grades and high academic achievement. Doing well in school demonstrates that you have motivation, determination, and intellect. 3) Start working on a resume and cover letter that can be given to potential employers. The career center offers cover letter and resume-writing assistance. 4) Browse career literature in the career office or look online at different jobs you are interested in and the skills that each job requires. JUNIOR 1) Look into internships that align with your course of study. First, ask your advisor for contacts who offer internship experiences. The career center is a great place to search for internships. 2) Start developing a credential packet that can be sent to employers. This packet will include your resume, transcript, references, credential/certification documentations, and any other documentation that will enhance your opportunity to become employed. 3) Attend workshops that will build certain skills pertaining to your field of study and attend any career services workshops that are offered. 4) Update your resume periodically and have someone in the career office proof-read it along with any updated cover letters. SENIOR 1) Job search: Utilize the assistance of the career office and online websites. Attending job fairs is also a great way to meet employers. 2) Join associations within your field of study at a lower student rate. These memberships will also add credentials to your resume. 3) Mock interview: Practice your interviewing skills with a career services professional. 4) Maintain your credential packet that the career center can keep on file for you to send out to potential employers TIPS: Take care of yourself: physically and mentally. Make sure to get plenty of sleep and eat well. Exercising can also reduce stress and boost energy levels. Networking: The more people you know in a field that interests you, the better your chance is of getting a position in that field. Make yourself known to those who have connections and soon, you will have connections of your own. Keep options open. Your perfect job may not be the first one you get and being open to other locations, salaries, or populations can help you attain a job that will offer you the experience you need for future endeavors. Familiarize yourself with the latest technology in the career field you are interested in pursuing. Being knowledgeable of current technology is always an excellent asset to have and makes you more marketable. benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-86236341015013496702020-01-08T02:13:00.001-08:002020-01-08T02:13:03.305-08:00Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler - 1077 Words The Holocaust was a despicable event that had dimmed the light of societal humanity throughout from the early nineteen thirties to the mid nineteen forties. As the years passed, historians scanned through the remaining evidence from this era in order to reveal the details of this sickening massacre to the publics eye. Teachers throughout the nation have made certain to cover all aspects of this event in history class. However, students would often dutifully question this continuous effort. Why should we study the Holocaust if it had already passed long ago? After all, the past is in the past. Shouldnt we be focusing on the future ahead of us instead? In the end, the confusion among the students may never be resolved to the bestâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Soon after his rise to power, he began applying the Nuremburg Laws in order to make the massive killing of the Undesireables legal. Once the laws were applied, it was much too difficult for Hitler to be stopped. Hitlers ingenious plans prevented him from being sued from other countries, but he still took many precautionary actions in order to avoid having his proposterous plans become discovered by the other countries. As we now know, if the other countries were able to find out more quickly, the Holocaust mightve been able to be stopped much sooner then when it had been. The fact that it took so long before other countries realized how severe the situation was is a major lesson to learn. Nowadays, every country tries its hardest in order to makes sure they are always in contact with each other. This way, something such as the Holocaust can be prevented from occurring again. After all, history commonly repeats itself, but this era of history is definitely not something that we want to have repeated. Althought the Holocaust was a tragedy that caused many deaths to occur, there are still many stories that have been inspired due to this event. Some of the stories are simply products of ones imagination, but others are very much real and factual to the time. For examply, theShow MoreRelatedMein Kampf, By Adolf Hitler883 Words à |à 4 Pages Mein Kampf is a outrageous book written by Adolf Hitler. The title Mein Kampf in Germany means my struggle and was published in the summer of 1925, followed by his second version in 1927. Mein Kampf was written while he was imprisoned. Four and a Half Years of Struggle against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice was Hitlers orignally title that he chose. His publisher thought it would have been better to give it a shorter title. Hitler talked about his life and gave ideas of how he would run GermanyRead MoreAdolf Hitler : Mein Kampf, Nation And Race1108 Words à |à 5 PagesJennifer Mills College Writing Dec 11, 2014 Adolf Hitler: Mein Kampf, Nation and Race Adolf Hitler was born in Austria, on April 20, 1889. He was the fourth child of the six children from Alois Hitler and Klara Polzl. When Adolf was three years old, his whole family moved into Germany. In his young age, he had many arguments with his father until he became detached and introverted when his young brother died in 1900. (HistoryLearningSite, 2014) Adolf was interested in fine arts than business, soRead MoreMein Kampf by Adolf Hitler Essay551 Words à |à 3 PagesAdolf Hitler was a terrible person, he blamed all the Germans problems on the Jews. He tried to overthrow the German government to and he failed and he was sent to prison. His prison sentence was supposesed to last five years long but it only was nine months because he wrote a book called Mein Kampf means My Struggle. In the book was his plan to help the government with its problems by blaming the jewish. When he got out of prison he went into politics to get into the German military. He workedRead MoreModernis m in Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler802 Words à |à 3 Pagesexpelled from Germany and many of its champions emigrated overseas as Hitler described modern art as ââ¬Å"Bolshevist artâ⬠â⬠in his autobiography ââ¬Å"Mein Kampfâ⬠and ââ¬Å"criticized the Weimar Republic for its alleged cultural weaknessesâ⬠.(Architecture and Politics in Germany ) ââ¬Å"The Enabling Act (German: Ermà ¤chtigungsgesetz ) was a 1933 amendment to the Weimar Constitution that gave the German Cabinet ââ¬â in effect, Chancellor Adolf Hitler ââ¬â the power to enact laws without the involvement of the Reichstagâ⬠, TheRead MoreMein Kampf by Adolf Hitler Essay529 Words à |à 3 PagesIn 1933 Hitler became chancelor of Germany. This was the first step for rising to power. Once the leader of Germany died Hitler said that they did not need to fill in that position again. Hitler came up with the final solution while he was in jail. Hitler had gone to jail for treason and his sentence was for five years, but he was let out after about nine months. In the short time that Hitler was in jail he wrote a book called Mein Kampf which means my struggle. In this book Hitler wrote all theRead More Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler Essay698 Words à |à 3 PagesThere where more things to The Holocaust World War 2, Hitlers rise to power, and Anne Franks Diary. These events all happened at the same time reflecting on one another. The Holocaust was one of the worlds worst events in history. Hitles rise to power started when he was put in jail for trying to overthrow the German government. He was sent to jail for 10 years but got out in 9 months for good behavoir. In jail he wrote a book called Mein Kampf or My struggle. He blammed the jews for everything andRead MoreMein Kampf : Jewish Virtual Library988 Words à |à 4 PagesIn Mein Kampf, Hitler wrote various hate-filled comments such as,ââ¬Å"The personification of the devil as the symbol of all evil assumes the living shape of the Jewâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Mein Kampf: Jewish Virtual Libraryâ⬠7). This is only one of the variou slurs the dictator used in the Mein Kampf. There were many controversial topics in the book, not just the derogation of the Jews. He explains the formation of his views and thoughts along with the construction of the Nazi party. Hitler ââ¬Å"decided the he would rule theRead MoreAdolf Hitler: A Political Theorist1619 Words à |à 7 PagesMost would not recognize Adolf Hitler of being a politic al theorist, due to the fact of the horrific events that transpired under his control. However, he indeed was one for better or worse. His views about the political world were extreme to say the least and he often wrote his theories in need or due to circumstance (http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/riseofhitler/kampf.htm. His views were mostly formed in three time periods of his life (http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/riseofhitler/kampfRead MoreNegative Essay : Meiin Kampf904 Words à |à 4 PagesGermany officially became a Nazi state in 1933 when a man by the name of Adolf Hitler seized total power of the country. Mein Kampf, or ââ¬Å"My Struggleâ⬠, was written in 1923 by Adolf Hitler in prison. This book clearly outlines Hitlerââ¬â¢s ideology as well as his beliefs in making Germany a superpower. In Mein Kampf, the opening volume expresses Hitlerââ¬â¢s relations with the Jews. Hitler clearly blames the fall of Germany and the economic crisis on the Jews. He m entions how Jews are selfish and stingy andRead MoreEssay on Adolf Hitler596 Words à |à 3 PagesAdolf Hitler Anger and hatred can be produced with such little integrity it is frightening. Adolf Hitlerââ¬â¢s work, Mein Kampf, is filled with such fury and abhorrence. Millions of people bought into his ideas without even stopping to question the validity of his work. Considering at this time many Germans were freezing, starving and suffering from a huge economic depression not much had to be said to get people on Hitlerââ¬â¢s side. Hitler makes many false statements and provides no evidence benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-88765946025034762762019-12-30T22:37:00.001-08:002019-12-30T22:37:03.638-08:00Top 14 Law Schoolsbenjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-87100495781812010752019-12-22T18:25:00.001-08:002019-12-22T18:25:04.397-08:00How Athletes Can Compete On A Level Playing Field Michael Bonfiglio Mr. Husar, Teofil English-111-26 6 December 2015 Doping in Sports ââ¬Å"It s important that athletes can compete on a level playing field. And youngsters coming into the sport can know that if they are working hard and training hard, they ll see a true reflection of where they stand and what they can achieve worldwide and not be swayed by people who are cheating.â⬠This was said by Paula Jane Radcliffe, English long-distance runner and Olympian. Cheating is and never has been a good thing. In sports there are many different forms of cheating. Whether is comes through illegal taping, bribes, or foul play, it is never the way to go. Undoubtedly the most extreme and controversial form of cheating is through the use of PEDs,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The use of PEDââ¬â¢s is unscrupulous mainly because of two reasons. The first being that it is immoral and unfair. Athletes in this day and age make enough money from their multimillion dollar contracts to afford the best trainers, as well at practice facilities that money can buy. Also sports are not solely about winning. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s not about whether you win or lose, itââ¬â¢s how you played the game,â⬠once meant something. Nowadays fair play seems to be a dying trade and playing with the advantage of PEDs isnââ¬â¢t right. The second reason as to why the uses of PEDs is not good is the health complications they can cause for the user. The use of steroids can have serious threats to the userââ¬â¢s health, including liver damage, crippled reproductive functions, tumors in the liver as well as kidneys, heart conditions, and even psychiatric symptoms. Steroid abuse can also disrupt the bodyââ¬â¢s production of hormones, causing both some reversible and permanent changes. Reversible changes include reduced sperm count as well as shrinking of the testicles. Some of the reversible changes include male-pattern baldness and even breast development in men. Steroid abuse has also been associated with cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and str okes, even in athletes younger than 30. Even with all of these threats to their health athletes benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-65600623581621454462019-12-14T14:55:00.001-08:002019-12-14T14:55:04.511-08:00Media Depiction of Teenagers Free Essays Britain, the land of hope and glory, or maybe not. Media today seems to be painting an inept picture of Britain, the land of drugs and ASBOââ¬â¢s. Are we really that bad? Can you seriously say that all teenagers are unbelievably badly behaved even when weââ¬â¢re not! Sure, we as teenagers are sometimes bad and donââ¬â¢t do homework, however, what about the adults who are mercilessly murdering innocent people? Have we simply forgotten about those? I hope not, I think that itââ¬â¢s about time we started to remember those few adults and started to weigh the sides against each other. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Depiction of Teenagers or any similar topic only for you Order Now Fact is, whatever way you look at it, people are bad. There are a select few that sit on street corners, drinking vodka and use every swear word that is known to man at old ladies driving past in their little miniââ¬â¢s. Yes, but at least we arenââ¬â¢t on the M11 speeding at 100 miles per our and totalling three cars every five minutes. Yes, we arenââ¬â¢t perfect but neither are these so called adults. So to say that we are all ââ¬Å"little emperorsâ⬠is that at all fair? No! Of course it isnââ¬â¢t. Itââ¬â¢s only a small percentage of people, namely teenagers, who actually do these hanist crimes. So, stop giving just teenagers a hard time, all the time. Be fair for once and we may, just may, start treating you with the respect you all demand most of the time unfairly. A perfect example of a ââ¬Å"Jeremy Kyleâ⬠teenager is a Miss Emily Travell, only fifteen, and pregnant with her second child, a regular in the local boozers and with a reputation not to be shouted about. Not a freshman to the police either, just recently was taken in for indecent exposure, however, Iââ¬â¢m sure whenever she isnââ¬â¢t drinking, taking unseemly powders, that she is really quite nice. Also thereââ¬â¢s a saying ââ¬Å"You grow up like those who youââ¬â¢re aroundâ⬠, what about that? Yes, ok, using Emily Travell as an example does actually show you what some, not all teenagers, get up to, however, she is only a very small percentage of the population that chooses to act in this appalling way. Most teens are actually really well behaved; they donââ¬â¢t commit crime, they donââ¬â¢t have underage sex and actually do act like teenagers should. However can you even define what a good teenager is anymore? If you look at most adults they arenââ¬â¢t exactly the best role models in the world, so how are we supposed to act? Its confusing; you say act like your parents would; some do and get slated for it. Fact is, that we are teenagers and yes, I agree that neo excuse for anything we do wrong but Iââ¬â¢m positive that when you were our age you would have acted the same, maybe you did things in different ways, however itââ¬â¢s the same sort of principle. If you are fair in judging us then maybe we could return that small favour? Maybe that rebellious instinct that we are all born with is still there in you adults too? No one is perfect, that is a simple fact of life which wonââ¬â¢t be changing anytime soon, nor can you really determine what perfect is. Maybe, just maybe, if you were to stop squabbling amongst and actually, shock horror, started to act like adults, then maybe we might start taking you for real as a proper role model, not a fake one. Exams; how on earth would you know that theyââ¬â¢re getting easier? Youââ¬â¢re not taking them; we are and let me confirm that in no way, shape or form are they getting easier; quite the opposite really. Sorry and all but when youââ¬â¢ve been writing for days on end trying to desperately get your coursework done and then your plonked right in front of an hour writing exam, is that not a decent enough reason for us to be annoyed at the adult race who believes it great to get us to do a few tests here and a few more there? Also I would like to see each adult that has a problem with the current GCSE test difficulty to get out of their office and sit them; lets see if you all pass and if your opinion changes. I can bet it will. Frankly, GCSEââ¬â¢s seem pointless because theyââ¬â¢re always changing therefore if were all being fair here, how on earth can you get a consistent reading which you can compare? Without a sure set of results you canââ¬â¢t expect people to just take your word for the exams getting easier. Maybe if you stopped changing them every two days then we may just get something to use on a larger scale and from that we can show whether GCSEs are getting harder or as you say, easier. Although I suppose the adults, our parents, have forgotten the general idea that teachers may get better training than that of 1852, yes, they actually do. Remember those taxes you moan about too? That helps for their training to so donââ¬â¢t be such a hypocrite. They get at least six, yes, count them, six training days a year. Surely that means that teachers are better qualified? Besides why would you want to mean now? You are never happy, you are grumpy and absolutely kill us however when we actually do something right for once they moan even more! Itââ¬â¢s a vicious cycle which we canââ¬â¢t escape from. You really donââ¬â¢t even give us a chance to get better since you donââ¬â¢t help, you simply bombard our minds and emotions with rants about pointless things we donââ¬â¢t need to hear for the 50th time. Thatââ¬â¢s a great example of us being bitter because you talk too much. At the end of the day, we are trying our best to behave and get good grades, which is incidentally what you want us to do. If you want us to do something else, then simply say. We have no choice but to do it because we live under your roof. All we ask is that you are fair when you judge us because if Iââ¬â¢m blunt, you havenââ¬â¢t been and truthfully youââ¬â¢ve just made the situation worsen and made it deeper. At the end of the day when I sit down to watch the BBC news, I expect to see teenagers being unfairly slandered. I can only hope for the day when our children can see a completely different screen. How to cite Media Depiction of Teenagers, Papers benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-2805316817250745692019-12-06T11:19:00.001-08:002019-12-06T11:19:03.293-08:00Organizational Behavior in the Organization â⬠Myassignmenthelp.com Question: Describe about the Organizational Behaviour in the organization? Answer: Introduction: Organizational Behaviour (OB) is the study of peoples behaviour in an organization. It helps in directing employees skills, knowledge in achieving the goals of any organization. According to the given case study, Big Energy being a giant in the private sector, acquired XYZ Energy, a major government own energy company. This particular study is emphasizing in knowing the impact of the integration model followed by Big Energy in acquiring XYZ Energy on the overall attitudes, values and behaviour of the individual as well the groups exists in the Big Energy organization. It is used to study the behaviour of both groups as well as the individual performance in the organization. This particular study has been executed following the below mentioned steps Analyzing the impact of integration model followed by Big Energy in acquiring XYZ Energy on the overall attitudes, values and behaviour influenced by individual personality; Providing recommendations to help in motivating employees as well as help in developing good team or groups. Impact of the integration model followed by Big Energy After absorption of Big Energy and XYZ organization all employees were impacted in negativas well as positive manner (Subba Rao, 2010). The working culture, strategies, policies were also changed by big energy organization so that all new and old employees are comfortable in the environment (Eason, 2001). Attitude: The main focus of Big Energy was managing their employees. Integration in Big Energy is the process in which different culture people work together in one place. The organization like Big Energy, there is huge number of people with different culture, demography or places. Everyone working is having its own style of working, beliefs, concern for their work. So, to work properly the Big Energy should manage their workforce who belongs to different culture and demography. As per the macro OB theory, every organization needs to emphasis on the process of work of within the organization and their policies, strategies. So, the attitude of the management of Big Energy should have to be such way that considers the strategies as well as policies of XYZ Energy. But, in this case Big Energy fails to do so. Here, the major challenges which the organization has faced are the management of workforce diversity in order to improve their productivity and quality of work as well as the product. Values: The innovation or changes internally or externally should be made by the organization. If the organization is making changes in their policies, rules or regulation the employees should be made aware of it and while changing employees, stakeholders of the organization should be considered. Therefore, values are the The people first choice to work is when the organization is having well managed rules, regulation and the working environment. The challenged faced by the organization is making the work environment well networked. Well networked means that the organization should maintain their hierarchy of work culture (Somech and Drach-Zahavy, 2004). The environment of the organization should always be positive so that the employees should like working there. The Big Energy organization should always try to maintain the positive and peaceful environment which will automatically influence the workforce to work properly and maintain the peace in the workplace (Somech and Drach-Zahavy, 2004 ). The ethical behaviour of the workforce in the organization should be in favour of the organization. The ethics should always be maintained by the workforce of the organization to increase the productivity of the organization. Behaviour: As per the micro OB theory, it is very much necessary to give emphasis on the individual as well as group behaviour present in XYZ organization. Understanding behaviour of the employee is important as it helps in analyzing the action as well as personality of individual in the organization (Editorial Board, 2013). It helps the managers to motivate their subordinates to do work or increase their work effectively. In this particular case, it helps the manager of the Big Energy to know the behaviour of their subordinates and make them work according to it. The study of behaviour of existing employees indicates that there is an issue faced by the organization in maintaining the relationship between individual and the organization, as when organization is aware about the individuals behaviour, beliefs and personality then maintaining the professional relation will be easier. As it helps in maintaining the level of job satisfaction of the employees present in the organization and helps in developing the behaviour related to the work, there is requiring identifying the way to resolve this specific issue. It also helps the managers to motivate their subordinates to work according to the level of expectation. The managers are also motivated by their lead to work properly and make their subordinates work. As per the integration model, industrial relationship of the organization can be maintained by the help of organizational effectiveness. It helps in increasing the behaviour related to the function of the organization. The functional behaviour of the organization can be maintained with the help of it. Therefore, to maintain the level of productivity, effectiveness, efficiency of the organization, Big Energy must have to resolve behavioural issue rose due to such integration (Galaskiewicz, 2007). It is also the fact that during integration there is requiring considering behavioural aspect of both the organization. For that, it is essential to enhance the managerial skills of the managers of Big Energy. Specifically, the self development, personality development skills of the managers in the organization is important. This will ultimately enhance the interpersonal skills of an individual or the team head of the organization. Interpersonal skills are like leadership, motivation, team building and etc. It helps in improving the coordination among the team or group present in the organization (Lamertz, 2006). There are different groups present in the organization who are having people with different culture, so to maintain the coordination the study of their behaviour is important. The changes or innovation if required in the organization policies, rules or anything else can be done on the basis of the ob (Dulaimi, Ling and Bajracharya, 2003). The bases on which the Big Energy performs the study of XYZ staff members are as follows: Psychology of the employees of XYZ It is used to study or analyze the behaviour of an individual. But the result shows that employees, who came from XYZ, did not match with the existing strategy. So, it creates adverse impact on the employee. Sociology study It helps in knowing the behaviour of the different groups present in the organization. This study shows that there are different behaviours experienced for XYZ as well as Big Energy. Thus, this also creates issue in the long run. Social Psychology study It is used knowing the affect or impact of one another present in the organization. Since, the study evidenced different behaviours in both group of employees, it ultimately creates pressure on the employees itself. So, in the long run, it affects the the culture of the Big Energy. This study also helps in knowing the behaviour of an individual in the political environment of the organization. Conclusion and recommendation: The main focus of integration model of Big energy was on competitive advantages which help in increasing their long term profit. Its aim is to increase the rate of integration. Big energy after absorption process was unable to get proper innovative process for operation which de motivated their employees. Big energy should analyze their behavioural model of efficiency so that they can examine the behaviour of group or individual present in organization. Organization is made by the employees attitude towards their work, culture and their values. Management of Big Energy should focus on the needs, attitude and also the problem which remaining employees are facing. Big Energy should focus on the morale of the remaining employees so that they are motivated to work. The study of OB in Big Energy helps in understanding the issues involved here. Here, the organization needs to follow the below mentioned strategies to diminish the issues faced by the employees. First of all, there is require d to conduct study at individual level i.e. Micro level. The individual level is to be conducted by making study on the behaviour, beliefs, personality of an individual working in the organization. Secondly, there is requiring employing specific strategy, so that people can work in groups. Here, the work group means the team or group present in the organization. Suppose there is a group of ten people in the organization who are working for common goal, so the personality, action of work, methods of performing work and etc will be different of everyone. To study everyones behaviour ob is helpful. It will help in increasing the level of job performed by the group or team. By the case study it is clear that due to integration the morale of employees were going down so the management of XYZ organization should be transparent and try to increase the value system and examine correctly the behaviour. It will help to increase the coordination among the employees after absorption. In order to address the attitude issue, the organization have to encourage their employees to work up to the expectations, there should be such initiatives that influence them to work within the organization. For this, they have to examine the behaviour of their employees properly on a frequent basis. Here, the models which can be used by the organization are:- Supportive model Supportive model of ob in the organization focuses on leadership. In this model the manager has to encourage their subordinates to do his job in proper manner to increase the productivity of the organization (Buchanan, 1995). Autocratic Model Autocratic model will focus on the power or authority of the employees in the organization. This model describes the power of different people in the organization like the power or authority of manager is to control their subordinates and motivate them to do their job. Collegial Model This model can be used to describe the team work of the organization. It is used to identify the level of coordination among the team members or the group members. The level of coordination defines the level of work performed if the level of coordination is good or high among the members then the quality of work performed will also be good. Custodial Model This model of ob can be used by the organization to describe the economic resources available in the organization. In this model managers motivate by giving different faculties or benefit to the employees which make them work individually to increase the monetary benefit separately. System Model System model will help in describing the trust, motivation level, performance of the employees working in the organization. The level of trust of employees on the organization is very important for the organization because if the employees are not having trust on the organization they cannot be motivated to work (Adhikari, n.d.). Further, the organization can also utilize the Quantitative method is used to analyze the behaviour on the bases of statistics. The quantitative in simple words means that the research is based on the numbers, figures which is obtained by using different statistics models. To analyze the human behaviour who are working in the organization different statistics methods are used like: Time- series analysis Multiple regressions Meta analysis Correlation Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) and etc Every statistical method can be used to analyze the behaviour but there ways of performing is different from each other. Organization uses the quantitative method to do the systematic research of the behaviour with the help of statistical, mathematical and numeric. References Adhikari, H. (n.d.). Organizational Change Models: A Comparison. SSRN Journal. Buchanan, D. (1995). Desanitizing Organizational Behaviour. Organization, 2(1), pp.165-167. Dulaimi, M., Ling, F. and Bajracharya, A. (2003). Organizational motivation and inter-organizational interaction in construction innovation in Singapore. Construction Management and Economics, 21(3), pp.307-318. Eason, K. (2001). Changing perspectives on the organizational consequences of information technology. Behaviour Information Technology, 20(5), pp.323-328. Editorial Board. (2013). Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods Applications, 80, p.IFC. Galaskiewicz, J. (2007). Has a Network Theory of Organizational Behaviour Lived Up to its Promises?. Management Organization Review, 3(1), pp.1-18. Lamertz, K. (2006). Organizational Citizenship Behaviour as Performance in Multiple Network Positions. Organization Studies, 27(1), pp.79-102. Somech, A. and Drach-Zahavy, A. (2004). Exploring organizational citizenship behaviour from an organizational perspective: The relationship between organizational learning and organizational citizenship behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(3), pp.281-298. Somech, A. and Drach-Zahavy, A. (2004). Exploring organizational citizenship behaviour from an organizational perspective: The relationship between organizational learning and organizational citizenship behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(3), pp.281-298. Subba Rao, T. (2010). Time Series Analysis. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 31(2), pp.139-139. benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-56208596617499189512019-11-29T02:20:00.001-08:002019-11-29T02:20:03.021-08:00The future of large face The field of information technology is one of the fastest growing innovations in the world. Among the many innovations is the advent of the internet, which has brought many changes in to our society today among them being virtual-meeting technologies, digital document processing and telecommunication advances.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The future of large face-to-face meetings with regards to information technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More New technology tools such as the email, intranet, fax, video conferencing, chat or mobile phone conversations have contributed a lot in advancement of communication. This essay gives an insight on how the future of large face-to -face meetings is likely to be affected by more innovations in information technology. People hold meetings to discuss different ideas and aspects concerning them. Face to face, meetings are important as they help in building trust and con fidence among the individuals involved. However, these meetings are currently becoming outdated with the advent of virtual meeting technology and expansion of social media like Facebook and twitter. This is because they enable a faster way of communicating with people far away and help to save on time. Face to face, meetings are costly as people have to travel from one destination to another, Food, accommodation has to be availed to those attending, and organization of the venues may be very complex. Many companies have cut down these costs because of virtual meeting technologies. Technology has made it possible for some companies to import cheap labor from employees oversees as they do not necessary require them to be on site to carry out their responsibilities. Invention of webcams has caused video conferencing to be more preferred than face-to-face meetings though they were initially considered as an extra cost by some companies. Contrastingly, some information such as oneââ¬â ¢s feeling is well communicated through facial expressions or hand gestures. In addition, some situations may not be handled perfectly through the social media or virtual meetings, as they need coordination, consensus, timing, persuasion, or even negotiation. These situations can only be achieved best through a personal face-to-face meeting.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Negotiating for important contracts such as building and construction requires all the parties involved to meet and discuss elements of the contract that may not be clear. Signing an agreement with minor mistakes can lead to serious consequences. Recruiting the best employees is the ultimate goal of any human resource department in any organization. This may not be easily achieved if carried out over internet as the employer may be looking for a certain character that can only be drawn from ones behavior during the interview. Holding a conversation with a person face-to-face may enable one to draw many conclusions such as the personââ¬â¢s passion, motivation, strengths, and weaknesses. This information is very valuable as one is able to understand clearly the individual he is dealing with. Some business entities are still adopting large face-to-face meetings though with well-defined purpose for long-term results. Although tight budgets may be a great constraint, they put more emphasis in establishing the impact of the meetings. They count their profits in terms of the outcomes in productivity achieved from those who attend the meeting. Some prefer to incur some losses at the beginning but gain good profits in future as an outcome of the ideas exchanged during meetings. In view of the above, the number of large face-to-face meetings held by different organizations has drastically reduced with the advent of information technology. Although some companies believe that integrating f ace-to-face meetings with internet technology would be only best option to be adopted in future, I strongly believe that more is yet to be discovered in the world of information technology. My opinion therefore is that these large face-to-face meetings will be eliminated by virtual meeting technology and social media in future.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The future of large face-to-face meetings with regards to information technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on The future of large face-to-face meetings with regards to information technology was written and submitted by user Allison H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-28597698652546080002019-11-25T09:54:00.001-08:002019-11-25T09:54:03.101-08:00Policy Analysis I Paper Essay ExamplePolicy Analysis I Paper Essay Example Policy Analysis I Paper Essay Policy Analysis I Paper Essay Policy Analysis I Paper Illegal immigration is a major issue that the United States and has been for many years and continues to be an issue. Illegal immigration is the migration of foreign citizen into the United Stated. These men and women enter this country do not meet the legal requirements needed to migrate into this country. Policy makers have gone different directions before an issues turns into a policy. Immigration policies have been in effect for many years and for many years it has been scrutinized ever since their exception. Immigration today and yesterday has been a major problem regardless of polices set in place for it. The illegal immigrates are violating the laws of jurisdiction of the state in, which he or she is illegally entering. Illegal immigrates are usually poor people , which are seeking better opportunities in a country developed, unlike the one he or she is departing. Illegal immigrants cause a huge impact to the United States economical, social, political, and ethical issues. This is why there needs to be a more productive policy or law in place to stop illegal immigrants from entering this country. Illegal immigrates are restricted from entering this country without the visa, which is the proper documentation. In the following essay illegal immigration will be described. In addition, whether the policy is a regulatory or legislative-initiated policy and who initiated the policy. Last, is there a constitutional issue with the illegal immigration policy and how will the issue or policy affects the community, the accused, and the victims if any. Texas a states in, which there is a major immigration problem. Texas population grew 12% from 2000 to 2006, and 26% was directly contributed to immigrants. The illegal alien population in 2005 at 1,618,000, which ranks 2nd in the United States. This amount is about 55% above the United States government estimate of 1, 041, 000 in 2000, and 269% above the 1990 estimate of 438,000. According to The Heritage Foundation (2006), [Illegal immigration into the United States is massive in scale. More than 10 million undocumented aliens currently reside in the U. S. , and that population is growing by 700,000 per year. On one hand, the presence of so many aliens is a powerful testament to the attractiveness of America. On the other hand, it is a sign of how dangerously open our borders are]â⬠(The Real Problem, Para. 1). The main issue is not immigration, but the illegal aspect of it all. The illegal immigration is a major issue in the United States that affects everyone in one way or another. According to Fair (2011), Illegal aliens are divided into two categories; those who crossed the border illegally and those who entered with visas as nonimmigrantââ¬â¢s and stayed illegallyâ⬠(How did Illegal Aliens Arrive: Without Inspection or With Visas? , Para. 1). There is millions of Americans are presently unemployed or in danger of becoming unemployed. American Labor Unions are in place to help these American; however, the opposite is occurring these unions are lobbying with Congress to grant illegal immigrants amnesty and to stop enforcing laws that stop employers from hiring illegal workers. This is an issue for Americans who are Citizens of the United States. According to Greek Politics (2008), [The problem with illegal immigrants is not that they are here using our resources. The problem is that they are using our resources without contributing anything. America as a country was completely built on immigrants. There is nothing wrong with the idea of immigration. The problem comes when people do it illegally. They use our hospitals and our schools without paying taxes or getting health insurance. Now for the surprise, we should continue to let them use our hospitals and schools]â⬠(2 Ways to Solve the Illegal Immigration Problem, Para. 1). Basically, the issue that American citizens are viewing is that immigrates are benefiting from health care, education, and other public services without giving anything in return. Many hospitals are going bankrupted and as for schools there are larger class sizes and not enough money to supply the large class of students. Americans citizens just want everything to be done illegally so that everyone puts in the same amount if work for the benefits being rendered. In addition, there are many illegal immigrants who should have been deported or stopped from entering the country. Having done so could have stopped numinous accounts of criminal activity. Crimes like unlicensed illegal immigrants who hit-and run, rap children and adults and escape back to his or her country. According to The American Legion (2010), [The security, economy, and social fabric of the United States of America are seriously threatened by individuals who are illegally in this country. They are undocumented, live in the shadows of society and by failing to assimilate into our culture divide America into ethnic conclaves]â⬠(Situation Analysis, Para. 1). Immigration for many years have provided people who are less fortunate with jobs, and the confidence he or she needs to survive in this great country. The policies in the United States for immigration have multiple reasons for its existence. The purposes for which are outlined within the policy are true, and straight to the point. This country has afforded the immigrants some of the best chances they have for survival by allowing him or her entry into this country. First goal is intended is to extend the right for families that already have members here to be reunited with them. Second goal is to allow workers with specific skills, and to provide employment for areas , which are suffering labor shortages. Third goal is to provide refuge for people who are facing political, racial, and religious persecution in their own country. Final goal is to provide diversity for immigrants from countries that do not have high number of immigrants. Immigrants always have been a major player in the agricultural business in the Southwestern United States working as farmers. Immigrants have always paid more in taxes than they have received in government services. Immigrants are very hard working people who have high ambitions, and they know they have to work to get it. Immigrants in most cases are standing around waiting for a handout. Immigration can be a very tricky subject when dealing with it according to the Constitution. Immigrants face profiling or stereotyping every day while trying to be successful in their attributes. Immigrants no matter where they are from or how long they have been in this country they never get the chance to live normally without the fear of discrimination. It does seem to matter where the immigrant is from or why he or she are here he or she still seem to face discrimination. If an individual sits back, and watch the realm of society he or she tends to treat the immigrant groups with a completely different demeanor than people of this country. In summary, immigration is a vital function to this country because of what this country was founded upon. This country was founded on the principles that this is a free democratic country where everyone can go the way each chooses. Each person who has the privilege of living in this country has been exposed to working or living with the immigrants. The one good thing that needs to come from immigration is that everyone deserves the same privileges whether he or she are naturalized citizens are legal immigrants. Reference Fair. (2011). Immigration Issues. Retrieved from airus. org/site/PageNavigator/issues/illegal_immigration. html Greek Politics. (2008). The Way It Really Is. Retrieved from http://geekpolitics. com/illegal-immigrants-problems-and-solutions/ The American Legion. (2010). The American Legion Policy on Illegal Immigration. Retrieved from legion. org/documents/legion/pdf/illegalimmigration. pdf The Heritage Foundation. (2006). The Real Problem with Immigration and the Real Solution. Retrieved from heritage. org/research/reports/2006/03/the-real-problem-with-immigration-and-the-real-solution benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-35828348679812375162019-11-21T17:18:00.001-08:002019-11-21T17:18:03.146-08:00Analysis of Humaneness of Hebrew Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsAnalysis of Humaneness of Hebrew Law - Essay Example The society at the time was divided of the noble and commoners. Hebrew law was so mindful of life that if a kidnapping took place but with the intention of selling to caravan traders, this was a capital crime. Another offense that carried the same weight was striking a fellow man and killing him. However, there were exceptions to the laws, it the person that was stroke did not die but woke up after a day or two, punishment would be in the form of financial compensation. Notably, there is a difference between the Hebrew law and biblical laws. While the Hebrew law permitted taking life for an act of house invasion, the Bible does not give leeway. The writers of Deuteronomy emphasized in Mosesââ¬â¢ teaching to the Hebrews. It was to govern them upon entering Canaan. Deuteronomy reflects the new challenges faced by the Hebrew in entering Canaan and the law was pivoted along fairness in judgment. The people were expected to appoint judges in all the towns according to the tribes present, and that no one was to pervert justice. In the time, seventh century B.C, a single witness was not enough for an accused person to be found guilty. At least two was needed for righteousness to be achieved. If a brother gave false witness against another and this was found out, it would be done to him what he intended for the other. Treatment of slaves was fair in that, a slave who escapes from his master for oppression was not to be returned to him. The Hebrew law was to govern the Hebrews in the period after coming from Egypt and before entering Canaan. It was the legislation of Moses as depicted in Exodus. The writers of Deuteronomy intended that it be used to achieve justice and righteousness upon entering Canaan. It was a reform program that was linked to the laws of Moses, and the central theme was to attain justice for every party in a conflict. Written as though it was the last speech of Moses, Deuteronomy reflects the new problems benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-50898876860606537612019-11-20T15:49:00.001-08:002019-11-20T15:49:03.056-08:00Constitution The Mandate that Individuals buy Health Insurance Research PaperConstitution The Mandate that Individuals buy Health Insurance - Research Paper Example s lacked the authority under the Constitutionââ¬â¢s Commerce Clause to force Americans to buy health insurance or pay a penalty for the failure (Rourke, 2012, p.3). According to the proponents of the issue, the mandate modifies the internal Revenue Code and thus constitutes a tax. It, therefore, offers Americans a choice to either purchase health insurance cover or pay a tax equal to the cost of purchasing health insurance. However, people exempted from the tax include the poor, dependents, military personnel, citizens living overseas, or individuals with a religious objection (Bluestein, 2011, p.27). This subsidizes the governmentââ¬â¢s health care program hence making it cheaper both to the government and health insurance companies as well as to families wishing to buy a health insurance. However, the introduction of the penalty for those with no health care insurance is unconstitutional since it makes Americans pay taxes. The central issue relates to the Commerce Clause. Congress argues that the Commerce Clause empowers it to compel private citizens not currently involved in commercial activity, to buy insurance from private dealers or pay a penalty to the national government. However, the Congress has no powers through the Commerce Clause to enact laws imposing such penalty (The Editors, 2010, p. 2). By passing the individual mandate and penalty as components of the Patient Protection and Affordable Act of 2010 (PPAA), Congress exceeded the powers granted by the constitution. This is because resolving such a suit remains the role of the federal courts as noted by O Conor in New York v United States (1992). This is the traditional and foundational function of the federal courts (Barnett, Stewart & Gaziano, 2009, p. 1). However, since no Congress has ever tried to apply the Commercial Clause in the issue of APPA casts great doubt as to whether Congress has the authority to do the same. The Supreme Court in Printz v United States (1997) noted the same; the reality benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-69876616079537904572019-11-18T13:58:00.001-08:002019-11-18T13:58:02.625-08:00Theme and Narrative Elements in the Short Story EssayTheme and Narrative Elements in the Short Story - Essay Example In order to bring out the theme of a story clearly, the author uses the characters, action, setting and various elements of literature (Guerin, 2005). The Necklace applies irony to express the theme of poverty and social class in society. Mathilde is born in a family of employees, and the author describes her as a person with no choice of what she wanted. The author describes her as a person with no means of being known, loved, understood, or getting married to a rich man. The theme is enhanced by the fact that she was forced to get married to a little clerk working in the Education Ministry. The title of the story, ââ¬Å"The Necklaceâ⬠creates a desire for the reader to know why the title was used. The necklace she borrowed, as the story continues, becomes the source of conflict in the story. The literary element of irony in the story has contributed greatly to the buildup of the theme in the story. There are various instances in the story where irony is evident. Mathilde thou ght of herself living in delicacy and luxury, but throughout the story, she has been depicted as a poor woman and wife. Mathilde and her husband have been in debt for a period of ten years. This is after she lost her friendââ¬â¢s diamond necklace, which she had to pay. She came to learn later the necklace was not original diamond and she could have rather said the truth than buying a new one. She lived her life thinking of all the best things in life, which she admired, but did not have. She had a long-time rich friend whom she did not want to go and see anymore. This literary element of irony has enhanced the theme of poverty and social classes. Mathilde could no longer visit her rich friend because of their differences in social class. Her friend was a rich person whereas she was extremely poor and always in distress. The author to depict the socially classified society of Parisian in the 1880s may have used this literary element of irony. When her husband comes home one day ex pecting to make his wife happy, Mathilde is angry. He comes with a card inviting them to a party at the ministryââ¬â¢s palace. However, Mathilde is not happy because she does not have a nice dress to wear. She ends up compelling her husband to buy her a dress with the money he wanted to buy a gun. Mathilde is not satisfied with her status, but wants to look like the rest of the women. This instant of irony indicates how social class influences people in poverty. Use of characterization in the story has enhanced the portrayal of the theme of poverty and social class. The character of Mathilde is portrayed as a person who is not contented with what she has. She is always dreaming of having a nice and luxurious apartment, with rooms decorated with oriental tapestries and lightened by bronze lamps on the floor. Her unsatisfactory character finally lands her in trouble after borrowing a diamond necklace from Forester. Mathilde is totally unsatisfied and unhappy with all she has and sh e is looking for material things throughout her life. Her character of always dreaming and desiring things she cannot afford made her to appear arrogant and stuck-up when she refuses to attend the party because she does not have a dress and the right jewelry. All this is set in Parisian, which creates the atmosphere of the story. The setting enhances the theme of poverty and social class, which was rampant in the area of setting in the 1880s. Looking at the efforts of Loisel to please his benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-71430446858963968592019-11-16T02:30:00.001-08:002019-11-16T02:30:11.541-08:00Phosphate Uptake ProcessPhosphate Uptake Process Introduction Whilst soil moisture and nitrogen (N) are major limitations to agricultural production systems in the SAT, phosphorus (P) deficiency also limits crop growth on many soils. The cost and availability of phosphatic fertilizers to the majority of farmers in the region restrict their use. Attention has, therefore, turned to making more efficient use of the soil phosphate reserves by seeking crop genotypes and management systems that result in more effective uptake and utilization of soil-P. A number of promising strategies are being explored, many of which are presented in this Workshop. To be effectively developed, all of them require an under- standing of the mechanisms of phosphate uptake and utilization by crop plants. Use of molecular tools by nutritional physiologists in recent years has consider- ably enhanced the understanding of these mechanisms and provided new opportunities for manipulating nutrient uptake and utilization. Key genes involved in the process have been identified and information on their role and regulation is accumulating. This paper provides a summary of the phosphate uptake process and highlights some of the important molecular mechanisms involved. The external phosphate concentration Plant roots acquire their phosphate from the external soil solution where it is in equilibrium with phosphate sorbed onto soil minerals and colloids. These sorption reactions maintain low concentrations of phosphate in soil solution whilst buffering the amount of phosphate in solution. The movement of phosphate ions to the sites through which it is taken up into root cells occurs by diffusion. This is a relatively slow process and, in P-deficient soils, results in the concentration of phosphate in solution being depleted around plant roots. Thus, many of the strategies for improving phosphate uptake are aimed at reducing this depletion zone and increasing the solution phosphate concentration immediately adjacent to the sites of phosphate uptake in the roots. Extension of roots into undepleted regions of soil provides the root tip with external P concentrations similar to those in the bulk soil solution.à Further back along the root axis extension of root hairs from epidermal cells in many plant species considerably increases the volume of soil explored for phosphate. Still further back, the soil volume explored by some species growing in low phosphate soils may be enhanced by the presence of hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi which can extend several centimeters from the root surface. A cone of soil in which the concentration of phosphate in solution is depleted thus develops back from the root tip. Within this zone the equilibrium of the phosphate sorption will have shifted towards release of sorbed phosphate ions into solution. Distance to the uptake sites within the root and any barriers to phosphate diffusion determine whether the plant can access these ions. The root apoplasm The walls of root epidermal and cortical cells and the associated intercellular spaces make up the apoplasm. In young roots, these walls are composed of inter- laced fibres that form an open latticework (Peterson and Cholewa, 1998). Soil solution can therefore, move radially towards the central stellar region of the root through the pores in this latticework and the intercellular spaces. The suberised Casparian band around the tangential walls of endodermal cells prevents radial movement into the central stele of nutrients in the soil solution. The band also restricts nutrients within the stele from leaking out into the apoplasm. Older areas of some roots have another layer of suberised cells in the outer layers of cortical cells that form the exodermis. This layer further restricts apoplastic movement of external soil solution in these regions of the root. In slower growing roots, such as those on plants subjected to stress, the exodermis may be formed closer to the tip than in rapi dly growing roots (Perumalla and Peterson, 1986). Movement of solutes through the apoplasm also appears to be restricted near the meristematic region close to the root tip where the microfibrils of the cell walls appear densely packed (Peterson and Cholewa, 1998). The interlacing fibres of cell walls in the apoplasm serve to filter soil solution. They also increase the path length over which phosphate ions must diffuse to the underlying uptake sites on the plasmalemma. The presence of carboxyl groups associated with the pectic polysaccharides of the cell wall fibres results in an overall negative charge. Anions such as phos- phate are repelled by this charge and restricted to the larger pores within the apoplasm. Mucilages, ex- creted into cell walls and surrounding many roots, carry negatively charged hydroxyl groups which can further modify the flow of anions.à These, and other root excretions, provide substrates for rhizosphere micro-organisms that can influence nutrient concentrations close to the uptake sites. The net effect is that movement of phosphate may be impeded within the apoplast, further modifying the concentration of phosphate at the outer surface of the plasmalemma, particularly in cells in the inner cortex. Even in soils w ell supplied with phosphate this concentration is likely to be less than 2 micro molar. In the P-deficient soils of the SAT, the concentration will be much lower than this. Uptake of phosphate into the symplasm The plasmalemma of root epidermal and cortical cells provides the boundary between the apoplasm and the symplasm. Once inside the symplasm, nutrient ions in the cytoplasm can move radially through to the stele via plasmodesmata connections without encountering further membrane barriers (Clarkson, 1993). Trans- port of ions across the semipermeable plasmalemma is, therefore, a critical step that mediates and regulates the uptake of nutrients into the plant. The physiology and kinetics of transport of nutrients across the plas- malemma has been known for a long time. Epstein and colleagues (Epstein and Hagen, 1952; Epstein, 1953) conducted classical experiments over 40 years ago that showed that ion uptake by plant roots could be described by first order kinetics in a similar manner to many enzyme reactions. They also showed that, for the major nutrients studied, the process could be described by two phases a high-affinity system operating at low external nutrient concentrations and a low-affinity system operating at higher external concentrations. An implication arising from these experiments was that uptake through the plasmalemma was mediated by proteins embedded in this membrane. However, isolation and identification of the specific proteins involved proved to be very difficult until nutritional physiologists began to apply molecular techniques to the study of the mechanisms of ion transport in plants. With the aid of this new technology over the past 8 years, many of the specific proteins involved in transport of a number of nutrient ions in plants have been characterized, the genes encoding these proteins identified, and the complex regulatory systems involved have begun to be untangled. Genes encoding the phosphate transporter proteins responsible for influx of phosphate into the cells of roots and some other tissues have been isolated, and the roles of some of these have been defined. Uptake of phosphate into the root symplasm involves transport from concentrations less than 2 micro molar in the surrounding apoplasm across the membrane to the cytoplasm where phosphate concentrations are maintained in the mill molar range. This, together with the net negative charge on the inside of the plasmalemma, necessitates that strong electro- chemical gradients need to be overcome for successful transfer of phosphate anions into root cells. Trans- port of phosphate across the plasmalemma, therefore, requires a high-affinity, energy driven transport mechanism. The genes encoding such transporters have been isolated from a number of plant species during the past 4 years and the sequence and topology of the encoded transporter proteins inferred from the DNA sequences. Identification of plant phosphate transporters An Expressed Sequence Tag from an Arabidopsis clone containing similarities to the sequences of genes encoding phosphate transporters that had been isolated from yeast and fungi led to the isolation of the first reported genes encoding plant phosphate transporters (Muchhal et al., 1996: Smith et al., 1997a). These genes were isolated from Arabidopsis. They now form part of the rapidly growing Pht1 family of plant phosphate transporters which includes members isolated from tomato (Daram et al., 1998; Liu et al., 1998a), potato (Leggewie et al., 1997), Catharanthus (Kai et al., 1997), Medicago (Liu et al., 1998b), barley (Smith et al., 1999) and additional genes from Arabidopsis (Mitsukawa et al., 1997a). Eight different members of this family of phosphate transporters have been isolated from the barley genome to date (Smith et al., 1999). A member of a second family of phosphate transporters, Pht2, that has similarities to the quite different family of phosphate transporters represent ed byà someà mammalianà Na+/phosphate cotransporters has recently been isolated from Arabidopsis (Daram et al., 1999). This transporter, which functions as an H+/H2PO4âËâ cotransporter in plants, is primarily expressed in Arabidopsis shoot tissues. It appears to be involved in the internal cycling of phosphorus within the plant. benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6462868443923932919.post-72206486805515454612019-11-13T15:01:00.001-08:002019-11-13T15:01:04.357-08:00Gender in Bram Stokers Dracula Essay -- Bram Stoker Dracula EssaysGender in Bram Stoker's Dracula During the Victorian Era, women struggled to attain gender equality by challenging the traditional roles that defined them. These women no longer wanted to remain passive and obey the demands of their husbands nor be domestic and the caretakers of their children. They strived to attain the role of a 'New Woman', an intelligent, liberated individual who was able to openly express her ideas (Eltis 452). Whereas some women were successful in attaining this new role, others were still dominated by their male counterparts. The men felt threatened by the rising power of women and repressed them by not allowing them to work, giving them unnecessary medications, and diagnosing them with hysteria (Gilman 3). When reading Bram Stoker's Dracula through gender lenses, this rising power, specifically sexual power, is apparent. After Dracula bites Lucy Westenra and Mina Murray (Harker), they are liberated from their conventional womanly roles and transformed into new sexual creatures; new be cause sexuality was usually ascribed to men. The men feel threatened by this blurring of the traditional, male defined gender boundary and therefore returned the women, by killing Dracula, to a manner that was prescribed as culturally appropriate for their sex (Hughes 86). This form of repression kept Lucy and Mina from attaining the role of the ?New Woman?. Before Dracula bites Lucy and Mina, they are passive, obedient, and domestic, but also have hidden qualities of the ?New Woman.? These ?New Woman? qualities are only shown to each other, never to the men. Lucy represents the societal mold of the female: sweet, beautiful, and attractive to countless men. However, she also possesses the flirtatiousness an... ...nd Degeneration of the Race: Dracula and Policing the Borders of Gender?. Case Studies in Contemporary Crticism. Ed. Ed. John Paul Riqulme. New York: Palgrave. 2002. Geddes, Patrick J. and J. Arthur Thomson. The Evolution of Sex, London: Walter Scott. 1889. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. ?The Yellow Wallpaper.? Literature and Society: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Dram, Nonfiction. Pamela J. Annas and Robert C. Rosen. Upper Saddle River New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 2000. Hughes, William. Beyond Dracula: Bram Stoker?s Fiction and its Cultural Context. New York: Palgrave. 2002. Murfin, Ross C. ?Gender Criticism: What is Gender Criticism Case Studies in Contemporary Crticism. Ed. Ed. John Paul Riqulme. New York: Palgrave. 2002. Stoker, Bram. ?Dracula?. Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism. Ed. John Paul Riqulme. New York: Palgrave. 2002. benjaminjackson167http://www.blogger.com/profile/09451616800485625035noreply@blogger.com0